The homeodomain transcription factors six3 and otx are involved in patterning the anterior body and parts of the central nervous system (CNS) in bilaterians. Their similar expression patterns have been used as an argument for homology of heads, brains, segmentation, and ciliated larvae. We investigated the developmental expression of six3 and otx in the aplacophoran mollusk Wirenia argentea. Si...

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of some morphological features of the mandible and mandibular permanent molars on impaction of mandibular third molars with panoramic measurements in a Turkish patient group. Study design: Standardized panoramic radiography variables compiled from 140 patients retrospectively were evaluated. Predictive variables included mesio-distal c...

The gross and microscopic anatomy of the molar salivary gland of the domestic cat was studied. In this research, five pair of molar glands from five male adult cats were used. In cat, the molar gland was elongated rectangle shape and was located obliquely in the submucosal fossa of the inferior lip, near the oral commissure. The dorsal border of the molar gland was attached to the masseter musc...

The course of the atrioventricular conducting tissues was studied in IO hearts having ventricular septal defects. Seven of the defects were in the membranous portion of the septum, and in these hearts the common atrioventricular bundle passed down the posterior edge of the defect and bifurcated on its inferior border. In 3 of these specimens the bundle deviated to the left side of the septum be...

OBJECTIVE To compare the transtibial and two-incision techniques for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using a single band. METHODS A prospective and randomized study was conducted in blocks. Patients underwent ACL reconstruction by means of two techniques: transtibial (group 1: 20 patients) or two incisions (group 2: 20 patients). The radiographic positioning of the tunnel, inc...

Examination of a series of fresh normal hearts has revealed certain features of the anatomy of the mitral valve that are not mentioned in textbooks of anatomy or in clinical articles. Briefly, the fibrous ring to which the cusps of the mitral valve are attached does not lie in one plane as shown in standard textbooks, and consequently the relationship of the anterior, aortic, or septal cusp of ...

The annual oviductal cycle of the Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus, is described using electron microscopy. This is only the second such study on a snake and the first on a viperid species. Specimens were collected in reproductive and nonreproductive condition throughout the year and five ultrastructurally unique regions were recognized: the anterior infundibulum, posterior infundibulum, gla...

BACKGROUND Lingula is a tongue-like flap of bone that overlaps the mandibular foramen antero-medially and location is clinically significant in oral and maxillofacial surgeries. The aim of this study was to assess the shape and precise location of lingula using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 3-dimensional images provided by CBCT of 63 patients (28 f...

The mandibular foramen is an important anatomical land mark. For procedures like inferior alveolar nerve block, implant treatment and mandibular osteotomies, a thorough knowledge of the location of the mandibular foramen (MF) and accessory mandibular foramina (AMFs) is a prerequisite. There are few references in the literature regarding the exact anatomical location of the mandibular foramen. T...

This study was performed for the purpose of comparing the magnitude of cervical vertebral separation during cervical traction in supine and seated positions using home traction units. A repeated measures design with two within-subject factors (type of traction and time) was used. Seventeen asymptomatic volunteers received cervical traction in seated and supine position. Subjects received 5 minu...