21 Anopheles gambiae, the primary vector of human malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, exists as 22 a series of ecologically specialized subgroups that are phylogenetically nested within the 23 Anopheles gambiae species complex. These species and subgroups exhibit varying 24 degrees of reproductive isolation, sometimes recognized as distinct subspecies. We have 25 sequenced 32 complete genomes from f...

(ITNs) and indoor residual spray (IRS) have made significant decrease in the number of malaria cases, but these efforts are subsided by the development and spread of insecticide resistance among major malaria vectors1. Currently, DDT and synthetic pyrethroids are used widely for IRS and ITNs throughout the malaria endemic countries including India, which insist unconditional need of regular mon...

where the biting rate, mortality hazard (hence daily survival probability) and duration of the sporogonic cycle depend on temperature T (see Supplemental Material, Table 1) (Martens 1998) and all other parameters are defined in Supplemental Material, Table 2 (with baseline numerical values in Supplemental Material, Table 3). Vector parameters are estimated for Anopheles maculipennis (Martens 19...

background and purpose: islamic republic of iran has greatly reduced its malaria burden and has a national goal to eliminate malaria by 2025. the aim of this study was to determine the population dynamics of anopheles maculipennis sensu lato, in relation to probable malaria transmission. for this purpose, the study was conducted in three villages in isfahan province of iran, from april to march...

background: because of the lack of an effective and economical control strategy against malaria (the most devastating infectious disease in developing countries) transmission-blocking vaccines (tbvs) concept has been raised in recent years, promising a more efficient way to malaria control. tbvs aim at interfering and/or blocking pathogen development within the vector, halting transmission to n...

Anopheles gambiae, the main mosquito vector of human malaria, is a challenging organism to manipulate genetically. As a consequence, reverse genetics studies in this disease vector have been largely limited to RNA interference experiments. Here, we report the targeted disruption of the immunity gene TEP1 using transgenic expression of Transcription-Activator Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), an...

Because of their special behaviour, physiology and close relationship with humans, mosquitoes act as one of the most important vectors of human diseases, such as filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, dengue and malaria. The major vector mosquitoes are members of the Culex, Aedes and Anopheles genera. Insecticides play important roles in agricultural production and public health, especially in a co...

BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax malaria reemerged in the Republic of Korea in 1993, with more than 2,000 cases reported in the northwestern part of the country over the last 10 years. To better assess the risk of malaria transmission we conducted a surveillance study to identify and characterize the habitats that produce potential Anopheles vector mosquitoes. Immature and adult mosquito collection ...

Malaria is a severe public health problem, causing an estimated 225 million disease cases and 781,000 deaths per year (WHO, 2010). Most victims are children under five years old living in sub-Saharan Africa (WHO, 2010). Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, and because there is currently no vaccine available, vector control is one of the most important means of malaria prevention. Thi...