The T-220HT Hall-effect thruster is modified to include in-channel electrodes and additional magnetic coils to study ion focusing. The goal of this work is to decrease energy losses from ion-wall neutralization and plume divergence to increase the thrust-to-power ratio. In this paper, thrust and plume measurements on xenon are presented. The thruster was tested from 125 to 300 V at 9 A discharg...

A mathematical model for the theoretical evaluation of microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) is presented that incorporates a detailed physico-chemical framework, includes multiple reactions (both at the electrodes and in the bulk phase) and involves a variety of microbial functional groups. The model is applied to two theoretical case studies: (i) A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) fo...

Electrochemical oxidation has been proposed as a remediation method for chlorinated phenols but is hampered by anode fouling. In this work we explore the mechanism of anode fouling by chlorinated phenols, compare structure vs reactivity for phenols differing in the extent of chlorination, and relate the efficiency of oxidation to the mechanism of oxidation at different electrode types. Linear s...

By using two spatially separated reference electrodes in a single cell proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the individual potentials of the anode and cathode are recorded under realistic operating conditions. The PEMFC was operated under dead-end anode (DEA) mode, without any humidification, to mitigate water accumulation at the anode. Although N2 crossover from cathode to anode may pla...

There is great controversy on how different set anode potentials affect the performance of a bioelectrochemical system (BES). It is often reported that more positive potentials improve acclimation and performance of exoelectrogenic biofilms, and alter microbial community structure, while in other studies relatively more negative potentials were needed to achieve higher current densities. To add...

The development of new anode materials having high electrochemical performances and interesting reaction mechanisms is highly required to satisfy the need for long-lasting mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles. Here, we report a layer crystalline structured SnP3 and its unique electrochemical behaviors with Li. The SnP3 was simply synthesized through modification of Sn crystallography...

Anode Points.-The present note is a continuation of the preceding (these PROCZEDINGS, 14, 1928, p. 50) in which the anode behavior was left outstanding. The method is the same (see Fig. 1), s in atm./106, denoting the wind pressure of positive ions when the needle of the electrode protrudes y cm. The spark gap x = 2 cm. is just within the power of the machine under the favorable circumstances (...

This paper investigates the effects of dead-ended anode (DEA) operation on the electrode carbon corrosion of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. A reduced order isothermal model is developed focusing on the species concentration along the channel and associated membrane phase potential. This model explains, and can be used to quantify, the carbon corrosion behavior during DEA operatio...

We report an electrochemical DNA microarray sensor whose function is controlled with just two wires regardless of the number of individual sensing electrodes. The bipolar sensing electrode is modified with probe DNA, and the anode end of each electrode is configured to emit light (electrogenerated chemiluminescence) upon hybridization of cDNA labeled with electrocatalytic (oxygen reduction) Pt ...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a low-intensity, noninvasive form of brain stimulation delivered by a small battery-powered portable machine. Conventionally, 2 disposable electrodes are positioned on the head, and a small current is passed between these electrodes to stimulate the brain “transcranially.” A typical session uses a low-intensity current of 1 to 2 mA (ECT by compa...