Characterizing a high-dimensional entanglement is fundamental in quantum information applications. Here, we propose a theoretical scheme to analyze and characterize the angular momentum hyperentanglement that two photons are entangled simultaneously in spin and orbital angular momentum. Based on the electro-optic sampling with a proposed hyper-entanglement analyzer and the simple matrix operati...

We derive a full field solution for Laguerre-Gaussian beams consistent with the Helmholtz equation using the angular spectrum method. Field components are presented as an order expansion in the ratio of the wavelength to the beam waist, f=λ/(2πw₀), which is typically small. The result is then generalized to a beam of arbitrary polarization. This result is then used to reproduce the signature an...

This paper presents spatio-temporal measurements for the peer-to-peer radio channel at a center frequency of 1920 MHz with 140 MHz of radio-frequency bandwidth. The measurements were taken using a spread-spectrum channel sounder and an automated spatial probing system that uses precise computer-controlled positioning and orientation of omnidirectional and directional (30 beamwidth) antennas to ...

We report on the angular momentum content of heavily embedded protostars based on our analysis of the projected rotation velocities (v sin is) of 38 Class I/flat spectrum young stellar objects recently presented by Doppmann et al. (2005). After correcting for projection effects, we find that infraredselected Class I/flat spectrum objects rotate significantly more quickly (median equatorial rota...

Based on the method of the vectorial angular spectrum, an analytical expression of the electric field of an elegant LaguerreGaussian beam in free space is derived beyond the paraxial approximation, and the corresponding magnetic field is obtained by taking the curl of the electric field. By using the expressions for the electromagnetic fields, the expression of the orbital angular momentum dens...

Precise measurements of the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background enable us to do an accurate study on the form of the primordial power spectrum for a given set of cosmological parameters. In a previous paper [1], we implemented an improved (error sensitive) Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm on the measured angular power spectrum from the first year of WMAP data to determine the...

We demonstrate a novel method to monitor the total angular distribution of the spectrum of hard x-ray emission from a plasma generated with femtosecond laser pulses with an intensity of 5 x 10(18) W/cm2 on a solid target. Measured and calculated angular distributions of x rays show a pronounced anisotropy for MeV photon energies. We complemented the spectral information by demonstrating a (gamm...

The definition of the standard differential operator is extended from integer steps to arbitrary stepsize. The classical, nonrelativistic Hamiltonian is quantized, using these new continuous operators. The resulting Schroedinger type equation generates free particle solutions, which are confined in space. The angular momentum eigenvalues are calculated algebraically. It is shown, that the charm...

Introduction CR-39 detectors are widely used for Radon and progeny measurement in the air. In this paper, using the Monte Carlo simulation, the possibility of using the CR-39 for direct measurement of Radon and progeny in water is investigated. Materials and Methods Assuming the random position and angle of alpha particle emitted by Radon and progeny, alpha energy and angular spectrum that arri...

We generalized the nonparaxial field components of Laguerre-Gaussian and flattened Gaussian beams obtained using the angular spectrum method to include symmetric radial and angular expansions and simplified them using an approximate evaluation of the integral equations for the field components. These field components possess series expressions in orders of a natural expansion parameter, which c...