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Sexuality and reproductive mode are two fundamental life-history traits that exhibit largely unexplained macroevolutionary patterns among the major groups of multicellular organisms. For example, the cnidarian class Anthozoa (corals and anemones) is mainly comprised of gonochoric (separate sex) brooders or spawners, while one order, Scleractinia (skeleton-forming corals), appears to be mostly h...

Sturm-Liouville Theory Christopher J. Adkins Master of Science Graduate Department of Mathematics University of Toronto 2014 A basic introduction into Sturm-Liouville Theory. We mostly deal with the general 2ndorder ODE in self-adjoint form. There are a number of things covered including: basic asymptotics, properties of the spectrum, interlacing of zeros, transformation arguments...

In this lecture we abstract the eigenvalue problems that we have found so useful thus far for solving the PDEs to a general class of boundary value problems that share a common set of properties. The so-called Sturm-Liouville Problems define a class of eigenvalue problems, which include many of the previous problems as special cases. The S − L Problem helps to identify those assumptions that ar...

Increasing levels of pCO2 within the oceans will select for resistant organisms such as anemones, which may thrive under ocean acidification conditions. However, increasing pCO2 may alter the bacterial community of marine organisms, significantly affecting the health status of the host. A pH gradient associated with a natural volcanic vent system within Levante Bay, Vulcano Island, Italy, was u...

Why generalist and specialist species coexist in nature is a question that has interested evolutionary biologists for a long time. While the coexistence of specialists and generalists exploiting resources on a single ecological dimension has been theoretically and empirically explored, biological systems with multiple resource dimensions (e.g. trophic, ecological) are less well understood. Yet,...