When I tell you that it’s raining, I describe a way the world is—viz., rainy. I say something factual, something whose truth turns on how things are with some aspect of the world. Likewise when I tell you that the weatherman thinks that it’s raining. Here the truth of what I say turns on a different feature of the world, namely, the weatherman’s state of mind. Likewise when I tell you that I th...

Sometimes a study will have multiple trial types where it might be expected that the BOLD signal will increase linearly, quadratically or with some other trend over trial types. For example, there were 3 tasks with increasing difficulty, you might expect the BOLD signal to increase linearly. One approach to studying this linear trend is to first model each trial type separately and then use a c...

The death of Minneapolis man, George Floyd, at the hands (or, knee) a police officer in May 2020 appears to have set nation, indeed world, alight with outrage ongoing, systemic racism and brutality by officers. Body worn camera (‘BWC’) footage from officers attending this incident provides strong evidence circumstances Mr Floyd’s death. In article, we draw on criminological research analyses le...