recently, the finished cost reduction policy-as an efficient economic policy for competitiveness of domestic products beside foreign competitors-has been paying attention by ministry of commerce of iran. at the fist look, the protection of intellectual property such as inventions increases the finished cost of products; but intellectual property protection can be effective in finished cost redu...

nowadays, the issue of human communication is one of the most important subjects occupying the minds of linguists, anthropologists, psychologists and philosophers. since it is the most important means for communication among men, the relation between language and culture and their mutual interactions have high significance, thereby attracting attention. this article tries to cover the establish...

regulating relations with great powers constitutes one of the most significant issues of each country’s foreign policy. iran, the soviet :union: and later russia have failed to establish strategic relations, despite their efforts to enhance mutual relations since late 1980s. it is believed that iran found it politically expedient to have ties with moscow due to its disputed relations with the w...

a country’s foreign policy is greatly influenced by various internal, regional, trans-regional, and international factors.  in recent years china has adopted a peaceful foreign policy.  this paper aims to analyze the continuity of china’s peaceful foreign policy in the 21st century, and identify the most influential factors of the policy.  this paper will argue that china’s peaceful foreign pol...

the main purpose of this paper is theoretically to design the optimal intervention in the foreign exchange market in iran, which has not been investigated by previous studies. the economic fundamentals are strongly affected by the optimal foreign exchange intervention, the consistency of foreign exchange intervention with other policies and political authorities' beliefs about the interven...

since land reform in iran, rural studies and rural sociology have been concentrated on rural society as economical and political phenomena; therefore mostly traditional systems of production and power were noted in researches. one issue that was not addressed in this academic discourse was rural religion. religion as a core of culture and the main context to reproduce social integration has a k...

Health has gained recognition as a foreign policy concern in recent years. Political leaders increasingly address global health problems within their international relations agendas. The confluence of health and foreign policy has opened these issues to analysis that helps clarify the tenets and determinants of this linkage, offering a new framework for international health policy. Yet as healt...