This paper examines male participation programs designed to improve sexual and reproductive health in Africa. It uses male participation as a model for larger development, democracy and good governance outcomes in African countries. The paper begins by exploring the conceptual and programmatic underpinnings for men engagement, male involvement, male mobilization or male partnership in developme...

with the advent of cyberspace and development of data and information, virtual cities were presented as new forms of city management in different layers and territories. historic and tourism virtual city are among eight types of virtual cities. in this article some guidelines were presented in order to design and manage them based on tehran tourists' need assessment. theoretical framework ...

nowadays, women's participation in rural sustainable development is not considered as an optional issue, but a necessity. the societies downgrading the need for women's participation have faced failures, cuausing delay in sustainable development and the meeting of social security as well as social welfare. this applied research was aimed at clarifying the role of rural women's pa...

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a contemporary phenomenon which is targeted for efficient and inclusive business automation. E-Governance services worldwide are no less than a business paradigm with clearly defined delivery and are creating potential for citizen centric services. Various information technology enabled services are planned for benefiting the support structure (e-governmen...

experiences from urban development plans and assessments of their concrete and tangible results in the past decades indicate lack of adequate success of our urbanization system to responding needs of our citizens. this has resulted in need to find a fundamental solution to transforming the centralized system into decentralized. recent changes in regard to a change of approach from master plan t...