Receptors located in the posterior oral cavity and on the epiglottis play an important role in the initiation of upper airway reflexes such as swallowing, gagging, coughing and apnea. Peripheral nerves which innervate these receptor areas terminate in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). We have recorded the responses of 61 neurons in the lamb NTS to stimulation of the caudal tongue, palate an...

Inspired by the structure and behaviour of the human visual system, we extend existing work using spiking neural networks for edge detection with a biologically plausible hexagonal pixel arrangement. Standard digital images are converted into a hexagonal pixel representation before being processed with a spiking neural network with scalable hexagonally shaped receptive fields. The performance i...

In the isolated goldfish retina, 700 nm background illumination increases the horizontal cell receptive field size, as measured with 565 nm slits of light, but decreases the receptive field size, when measured with 660 nm slits. These background-induced changes in receptive field size are absent when the depolarizing responses in bi- and triphasic horizontal cells are blocked by lowering the [C...

We tested the relative levels (i.e., age equivalencies) of concurrent cross-modality (receptive and expressive) vocabulary and the relative strength of the longitudinal, cross-modality associations between early and later vocabulary sizes in minimally verbal preschoolers with ASD. Eighty-seven children participated. Parent-reported vocabulary was assessed at four periods separated by 4 months e...

In primary visual cortex, a subset of neurons responds when a particular stimulus is encountered in a certain location in visual space. This activity can be modeled using a visual receptive field. In addition to visually driven activity, there are neurons in visual cortex that integrate visual and motor-related input to signal a mismatch between actual and predicted visual flow. Here we show th...

Direction-selective neurons in primary visual cortex have small receptive fields that encode the motions of local features. These motions often differ from the motion of the object to which they belong and must therefore be integrated elsewhere. A candidate site for this integration is visual cortical area MT (V5), in which cells with large receptive fields compute the motion of patterns. Previ...

High-level neurons processing complex, behaviorally relevant signals are sensitive to conjunctions of features. Characterizing the receptive fields of such neurons is difficult with standard statistical tools, however, and the principles governing their organization remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate multiple distinct receptive-field features in individual high-level auditory neuron...