Examining society’s preferences for any change in the status of wetlands, can translate their direct and indirect benefits into monetary values and provide useful information for the policy makers and planners. Hoor-al-Azim Wetland (also Hoor-al-Hoveizeh) is one of the four large wetlands with an area of over 125 thousand hectares located in Khuzestan province located in southwestern Iran on it...

assessment of compensation for the reduction in the value of the currency in case of the financial dowry is the issues that were not previously. the creation of credit money and their value redution caused that compensation for the value of money be considered as a means to preserve the value of money in financial liabilities arise such as dowry. in this regard, there was an waver to article 10...

The importance of information as a main asset of a company or organization is widely acknowledged nowadays. The loss of or the unauthorized access to sensitive information are critical and can possibly send a company into bankruptcy. Furthermore, the risk of information larceny is most often not caused by a direct attack of unauthorized outsiders, but by authorized extractions by malicious or u...

Despite the growing experience with their use, both in the United States and abroad, the role of intermediate targets of monetary policy remains a source of confusion and controversy. Although some advocates apparently regard stable growth of one or another monetary aggregate as an end in itself, by far the more typical view in favor of such intermediate targets is that they somehow enable the ...

Mobile Social Networking Services (SNS) are an emerging trend in which individuals of similar interests communicate with one another using mobile phones. In this paper, we calculate the monetary value of customers and their networks in mobile SNS using the official data provided by a service provider. The mobile SNS enable users to create their avatars to communicate with each other via blog co...

Social media has fundamentally changed our daily life and drawn many researchers’ attention to investigate the value and strategies of social media. Despite successful examples of social media marketing by firms in practice, there is little scholarly research that investigates whether individuals’ fan base in social media can be translated into real world monetary rewards. Also, most existing s...

In addition to their well-established role in signaling rewarding outcomes and reward-predictive cues and in mediating positive reinforcement, there is growing evidence that nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons also signal aversive events and cues that predict them. Here we use diffusion tractography to subdivide the right NAc into lateral-rostral (putative core, pcore) and medial-caudal (putative s...

Abstract This study uses annual data over the period 2005-2014 and the Panel VECM approach to examine financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness in Africa. The study shows that financial inclusion and monetary policy effectiveness are linked by a set of long-run relationships. Policy reaction to the positive financial inclusion shock is not significant. Policy reaction to the posit...

This is a special conference for the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, and for me personally. The role of monetary aggregates in monetary policy was intensely controversial when I joined the staff of the Board of Governors in May 1969. I was immediately asked to join the staff of the newly formed FOMC Committee on the Directive. Governor Sherman Maisel chaired that committee; the other two member...