Why do religious minorities respond in different ways to economic development? We develop a model of religious organizations based on a historical case study of Jewish emancipation in nineteenth century Europe. In Germany, a liberal Reform movement developed in response to emancipation, while ultra-Orthodox Judaism emerged in eastern Europe. Our explanation for this polarization contributes to ...

Recenzja książki: Hector M. Patmore – Josef Lössl (eds.), Demons in Early Judaism and Christianity . Characters Characteristics (Ancient 113; Leiden Boston, MA: Brill 2022). Pp. 339. € 146.28. ISBN 978-90-04-51714-1

The major aim of the religious person is to obey God’s injunctions and follow His ways. If he or she shall do so, will attain success in this world world-to-come. Thus, Abrahamic religions have come center on precepts involving man’s relationship with God an occupation spirituality. Accordingly, central figures those who head hierarchy are rabbis (in Judaism), priests monks Christianity), Imams...