In the associated review, published in this issue of the Journal, Møller and Manning (2003) propose measures of developmental instability, primarily fluctuating asymmetry, for the assessment of animal welfare in agricultural practice. They see the advantages of fluctuating asymmetry in that it provides a single measure of organismal health that ‘‘can be used in all kinds of organisms including ...

Many researches have been currently conducted on the effects of fault distance on structures revealing that their seismic response can differ according to their distance from the fault. Suspension bridges due to their long period and high flexibility can be more sensitive to this phenomenon, especially in vertical vibration. Since the engineers tend to use longer spans, the length factor should...

Moment-resisting frames have extensive usage in earthquake-prone areas and high ability in energy dissipation.After the earthquake in Northridge 1994,Kobe 1995 fixed connections of steel structures have shown poor performance and generally they were caught brittle fracture of beam flange weld to the column.In order to remedy to avoid similar situations in future earthquakes,researchers introduc...