Level crossing is a powerful method for analyzing the random time series. In this paper by introducing this method we investigate the beta noises and represent differences between 1/f noise and white noise and also research the cardiac heart interbeat interval (RR) time series and find clear distinctions between healthy samples and samples with Congestive heart failure (CHF) disease.

the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of implicit focus on form through input flooding and the effect of noticing, explicit focus on form on linguistic accuracy. to fulfill the purpose of the study, 86 iranian pre-intermediate efl learners of one of the language institutes were chosen by means of administering ket as the homogeneity test. these learners were pretested throug...

acknowledgements i wish to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me in preparing this thesis. i would like to express my deep gratitude to my respected advisor dr. kourosh akef, whose advice and comments helped me in the early stages of the research and throughout the writing process. i would also like to express my gratitude to dr. hajar khanmohammad whose invaluable guidance he...