A comparison of laboratory spectra with Galileo data indicates that hydrated sulfuric acid is present and is a major component of Europa's surface. In addition, this moon's visually dark surface material, which spatially correlates with the sulfuric acid concentration, is identified as radiolytically altered sulfur polymers. Radiolysis of the surface by magnetospheric plasma bombardment continu...

Materials and Instruments: All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) hydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), 99.9% (metal basis Au 49%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar; sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate (99.0%), hydroquinone (99.5%) and AgNO3 (99.9999%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; 2-mercaptobenzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid was purchased from Tokyo Che...

In recent years an emphasis has been placed on reducing food borne pathogens on the farm. Of particular interest to the poultry industry is Salmonella enterica. In the United States, a common practice in broiler management is the reuse of litter for consecutive flocks; this practice can lead to a Salmonella positive flock causing the colonization of sequential flocks. Reuse of litter can also l...

The ordering of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) molecules in dilute P3HT/chloroform solutions was accelerated by adding small amounts of concentrated H2SO4. The concentrated H2SO4 stimulates the nucleation of crystals, which controls the overall rate of P3HT crystallization. Dispersed nuclei spur P3HT solution crystallization, and adsorbed nuclei induce P3HT crystallization on substrates. By AFM,...

We identified Lacrymaria velutina of the Coprinaceae in Korea. The unusually large and sturdy fruiting body, fibrillose to fibrillose-scaly cap and stalk without a volva with an obscure superior hairy ring zone or hairy annulus, and blackish brown, warted spores distinguished this species from closely related Psathyrella species. An illustrated account of the microscopic traits is presented. Fr...

we report the enhanced capacitance of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (mwcnts) after a chemical unzipping process in concentrated sulfuric acid (h2so4) and potassium permanganate (kmno4). the effects of the test duration and temperature were investigated on the unzipping process of the mwcnts to synthesize the graphene oxide nanoribbons. the sem and tem studies were carried out on untreated a...

The occurrence of an S-shaped polarization curve in a simple model for the continuous electrochemical oxidation of CO on a platinum electrode is discussed. In the model, the S-shaped polarization curve is caused by the competitive Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism between surface-bonded CO and OH. The reaction is studied experimentally on single-crystal platinum rotating disk electrodes in perchlo...

A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of minute amounts of cholesterol in tissues is described. This method is a modification of the Yoshimatsu reaction which is basedon the reduction of the yellow aqueoussolution of phospho-6tungstic-12-molybdic acid by a solution of cholesterol in concentrated sulfuric acid. The color of the resulting hydrosol of “molybdenum/tungsten blue” is ...

The present study was carried out on the effect of acid leaching on the modification and structure alteration of montmorillonite. A nanostructured, activated material was prepared by selective leaching of pure smectite clay with different concentrations of sulfuric acid (1 10 N/L) at 85 ̊C for 120 min using a solid/liquid ratio of 1:20 and a reflux system. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ...

Monitoring upper-tropospheric–lowerstratospheric (UTLS) secondary sulfate aerosols and their chemical and microphysical properties from satellite nadir observations is crucial to better understand their formation and evolution processes and then to estimate their impact on UTLS chemistry, and on regional and global radiative balance. Here we present a study aimed at the evaluation of the sensit...