The value turn has numerous motivations; I’ll discuss three of them. The first of these motivations consists in the ancient roots of the idea that epistemology is in some important way value-theoretic. Plato and Aristotle both took epistemic states such as knowledge and understanding to have particular and distinctive value. So too did their immediate and medieval followers (Zagzebski 2001). Th...

The paper deals with the problem of early modern scientific citations. It attempts to establish a measure of scientific popularity in a specific area of the academic medicine in a way which resembles a modern evaluation of scientific activity (citation index). For this purpose an analysis of a series of plague treatises written between 1480 and 17...

The Arab study of Ancient Egypt was the result a universal understanding history rather than narrow purpose verifying scriptures. They were critical pre-Islamic written sources and did not accept even texts based on eyewitnesses uncritically. Arabs' work, which included accurate descriptions ancient monuments, aimed at their symbolic value function. noticed relationship Egyptian language to Cop...