the difficulty of assessing the writing skill is well known. different testing facets seem to affect the result of assessing the writing skill. in addition to the writer’s ability, the topic of the writing task, and methods of rating may contribute to the writer’s score. in this study, 50 efl learners wrote four different types of writing tasks (convincing, describing, instructing, and explaini...

in the present work the magnitudes of pigments in the synthetic leather, were measured by means of scanner. initially synthetic leather samples pigmented by three different pigments of yellow, blue and red colors were prepared. then the pigmented samples were scanned, and the values of rgb of images were calculated. the artificial neural network (ann) method used to make relation between rgb va...

There is an ongoing debate as to whether the words in early pre-syntactic forms of human language had simple atomic meanings like modern words (Bickerton, 1990, 1996), or whether they were holophrastic (Wray, 1998, 2000). Simulations were conducted using an iterated learning model in which the agents were able to associate words with meanings, but in which they were not able to use syntactic ru...

An analytic signal s(t) is modeled over a T second duration by a pole-zero model by considering its periodic extensions. This type of representation is analogous to that used in discrete-time systems theory, where the periodic frequency response of a system is characterized by a finite number of poles and zeros in the z-plane. Except, in this case, the poles and zeros are located in the complex...

Arithmetical truths are a priori, but our understanding of them starts with the practical experience counting. Whether arithmetic is analytic – or synthetic as Kant maintained turns out to depend on what view we take about precise scope logic. A survey mathematical theorizing various kinds numbers shows that there more than one kind “construction” “intuition” involved. Kant’s conception priori ...