Production of microbial cells Baker’s yeast, single cell protein, lactic acid bacteria Production of primary metabolites Ethanol (both in beer and wine production and for technical use), lactic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, amino acids, vitamins Production of secondary metabolites Antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, clavulanic acid, tetracycline), skikonin Production of microbial enzyme...

A monoclonalantibody(66C7) was preparedthat specifically binds human salivary amylase (EC 3.2.1.1); it cross reacts with human pancreatic amylase by less than 1%. Two procedures are described for determination of isoamylases in human serum with this antibody: an enzyme immunoassay for determining amylase of salivary origin, and a routine method in which this amylase is immunoprecipitated and th...

This review covers the progress made in research on microbial a-amylase, a highly demanded industrial enzyme in various sectors such as food, pharmaceuticals, textiles, detergents, etc. Amylases are of ubiquitous occurrence and hold the maximum market share of enzyme sales. The article surveys the a-amylase family and the major characteristics, microbial sources, production aspects, downstream ...

Amylases are starch degrading enzymes. They are widely distributed in microbial, plant and animal kingdoms (Banks et al, 1975). They degrade starch and related polymers to yield products characteristic of individual amylolytic enzymes. Initially the term amylase was used originally to designate enzymes capable of hydrolysing α-1, 4glycosidic bonds of amylose, amylopectin, glycogen and their deg...

The -amylase inhibitors have been purified and characterized from several plant species. Six classes of -amylase inhibitors have been classified by their structures. They play important roles in the control of endogenous amylases as well as the protection against pathogens and pests. The purification methods, classification, function, inhibition mechanism together with their applications in agr...

The Bacillus genus is a heterogeneous group of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria spread into the environment, even though soil is generally accepted as its natural reservoir. The ability to produce endospores allows Bacillus to withstand extreme environmental conditions as those occurring in food processing. Bacillus spp., particularly B. subtilis, are usually fou...

The types of tunicamycin-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis were analyzed, and their mutational sites on the chromosome were mapped. A type 1 mutation that simultaneously expressed hyperproductivity of extracellular alpha-amylase was located close to amy E. Type 2 mutations were near aroI.

Adrenal stress hormones released in response to acute stress may yield memory-enhancing effects when released post-learning and impairing effects at memory retrieval, especially for emotional memory material. However, so far these differential effects of stress hormones on the various memory phases for neutral and emotional memory material have not been demonstrated within one experiment. This ...

glycosyltransferase. the enzyme as a cyclodextrin thermosulfurigenes EM1 and reclassification of alpha-amylase of Thermoanaerobacterium Cyclodextrin formation by the thermostable