one of the important discussions in islamic fiqh and usul (jurisprudence), is the issue of going farther verified religious text (nass), as well as the ways of discovering the reason of a commandment. it seems that this subject has not yet reached its proper place in shi’i fiqh. while imami jurists use some methods to go farther the commandment of the nass, including one named “discovering the ...

todd lawson in article hermeneutic interpretation of pre-islamic and shiite، attempts to describe and assess the historical development of hermeneutics the twelver shia interpretation. this article is based on the shia interpretation of the phenomena of contemporary hermeneutics four province-based، compromise، mystical and esoteric (deafness hermeneutic) and philosophical - has lived provinces...

It is surprising to find dust around B type stars, as in the case of B[e] stars. These stars exhibit a dense, dusty environment witnessed by their infrared-excess and many emission lines from permitted and forbidden transitions. Given the large uncertainties on their distances, this spectral type gathers many different kind of sources that may harbor a similar circumstellar environment, i.e. a ...

SUMMARY Recombination Detection Program (RDP) is a program that applies a pairwise scanning approach to the detection of recombination amongst a group of aligned DNA sequences. The software runs under Windows95 and combines highly automated screening of large numbers of sequences with a highly interactive interface for examining the results of the analyses.

Much of construction work is project-based, short-term and task-oriented; promoting a culture of continuous learning is inhibited. Very often, specialist and technical knowledge is not shared laterally, neither between fellow site personnel nor organisations. This is especially so for tacit knowledge, which site managers gain and use in solving their complex day-to-day problems. A research on k...

BACKGROUND Despite its commonality, there is a paucity of literature on miscarriage in non-Western societies. In particular, there is little understanding of how people ascribe cause to miscarriage. This research sought to gain an in-depth understanding of notions of miscarriage causality and risk amongst Qataris. METHODS The study adopted an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach and c...

Members of the family Circoviridae, specifically the genus Circovirus, were thought to infect only vertebrates; however, members of a sister group under the same family, the proposed genus Cyclovirus, have been detected recently in insects. In an effort to explore the diversity of cycloviruses and better understand the evolution of these novel ssDNA viruses, here we present five cycloviruses is...

The study of names (or, to give it its more high-falutin’ name, onomastics) has not always been accorded high academic prestige and is often thought of as a non-specialist’s hobby horse. The fact that most books on naming in bookshops seem to address only prospective parents who need to name their child also does not give the study a high standing. In the university context, this is not somethi...

This study examined the perception of drug abuse amongst Nigerian undergraduates living off-campus. Students were surveyed at the Lagos State University, Ojo, allowing for a diverse sample that included a large percentage of the students from different faculties and departments. The undergraduate students were surveyed with a structured self-reporting anonymous questionnaire modified and adapte...

By Vincent Richards, f.r.c.s., &c., Mcdical Inspector of Emigrants. In the April-May (1881) numbers of the Indian Medical Gazette I endeavoured to describe the conditions under which outbreaks o f cholera occurred amongst Assam emigrants, and I endeavoured to shew that whatever effect the former defective water-supply had upon the general health of the emigrants, it could not be held to be the ...