the persian morpheme ra has attracted the attention of many linguists including karimi (1989), dabir-moghaddam (1990) and ghomeshi (1996) among others. karimi takes ra as the accusative case marker, the presence of which on subjects and objects of prepositions render the sentence ungrammatical. according to ghomeshi (1996), it marks dps functioning as vp-level topics. dabir-moghaddam (1990) ana...

instrumentalism (in the science) refers to a view that considers scientific theories as nothing more than instruments for prediction. sometimes the traces of this attitude have been searched in the writings of plato and aristotle; but mostly the pioneers of the theory have been thought to be the priests who regarded the scientific propositions as mere hypothesis, in order to defend religious do...

We count the number of alignments of N ≥ 1 sequences when match-up types are from a specified set S ⊆ N . Equivalently, we count the number of nonnegative integer matrices whose rows sum to a given fixed vector and each of whose columns lie in S. We provide a new asymptotic formula for the case S = {(s1, . . . , sN ) | 1 ≤ si ≤ 2}.

A simple procedure to tighten the Lagrangian bounds is proposed. The approach is interpreted in two ways. First, it can be seen as a reformulation of the original problem aimed to split the resulting Lagrangian problem into two subproblems. Second, it can be considered as a search for a tighter estimation of the penalty term arising in the Lagrangian problem. The new bounds are illustrated by a...

Given two point sets S and T , we study the many-to-many matching with demands problem (MMD problem) which is a generalization of the many-to-many matching problem (MM problem). In an MMD, each point of one set must be matched to a given number of the points of the other set (each point has a demand). In this paper we consider a special case of MMD problem, the one-dimensional MMD (OMMD), where...

This paper describes ThreadMon, a monitoring tool for improving the performance of multithreaded programs, and how we have used it to examine various aspects of the many-to-many (or two-level) threads implementation model. We run unmodified binary subject code, insert software probes to collect data, and analyze and present the results in real time on another machine. We show that the behavior ...

1. The main question: The nature of real-time semantic interpretation. The main question we will address in this talk is whether meaning representations of the kind that are pervasive in formal semantics are built up incrementally and predictively when language is used in real time, in much the same way that the real-time construction of syntactic representations has been argued to be (Steedman...

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A system study such as this requires the cooperation and assistance of many persons performing the functions under scrutiny. In this study we were assisted by persons who generously gave their time to help. Some participated in extended telephone conversations about how the DWI control system operated in their jurisdiction. Others helped us during visits to their jurisdictions, ...

There are many different theories of specificity in the semantic literature. These include specificity as scope (Ioup 1977, among others), specificity as referentiality (Fodor and Sag 1982), specificity as a choice function reading (Reinhart 1997, Winter 1997, Kratzer 1998, among many others), and specificity as speaker identifiability (Groenendijk & Stokhof 1980). Importantly, theories of spec...

Recently, many meta-heuristic algorithms are proposed for optimization of various problems. Some of them originally are presented for continuous optimization problems and some others are just applicable for discrete ones. In the literature, sizing optimization of truss structures is one of the discrete optimization problems which is solved by many meta-heuristic algorithms. In this paper, in or...