why some learners are willing to communicate in english, concurrently others are not, has been an intensive investigation in l2 education. willingness to communicate (wtc) proposed as initiating to communicate while given a choice has recently played a crucial role in l2 learning. it was hypothesized that wtc would be associated with language learning orientations (llos) as well as social suppo...

building on previous studies on intellectual features and learners’ grammar learning, the present study aimed at investigating whether intelligence criterion had any impact on efl learners’ english grammar learning across two intelligence levels. in the current study, the participants were divided into two experimental and control groups by administration of raven i.q. test. this led to the for...

abstract this study investigates the teachers’ correction of students’ spoken errors of linguistic forms in efl classes, aiming at (a) examining the relationship between the learners’ proficiency level and the provision of corrective feedback types, (b) exploring the extent to which teachers’ use of different corrective feedback types is related to the immediate types of context in which err...

Background and Objective: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common diseases of childhood which may cause serious morbidity. We evaluated recurrence rate of UTI in children without congenital abnormalities who were at the age of 1 month to 12 years old. Materials and Methods: This cross- sectional study was carried out for three months after the termination of the treatment in ord...

  In order to quantitatively evaluate the sediment yield in ungauged basins, it is necessary to use empirical models. The EPM model, as a model which is using in Iran, has sometimes been evaluated. Most evaluations have often been conducted by using river's sediment information and direct measurements of dam reservoir sedimentation have been less used, while the sediment measurement method on r...

over the past decades a number of approaches have been applied for forecasting mortality. in 1992, a new method for long-run forecast of the level and age pattern of mortality was published by lee and carter. this method was welcomed by many authors so it was extended through a wider class of generalized, parametric and nonlinear model. this model represents one of the most influential recent d...