PURPOSE To compare macular thickness in children with functional amblyopia and those without amblyopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 93 children aged 3-10 years including 44 cases with unilateral amblyopia and 49 subjects without amblyopia. Amblyopic eyes were considered as the case group and their fellow eyes as internal controls; ...

BACKGROUND Amblyopia treatment is not standardised and differences between centres and countries have not been systematically investigated. This survey compares the different patterns of orthoptic treatment of amblyopia in the United Kingdom (UK) and three German speaking countries (GSC). METHODS Questionnaires were sent to orthoptists in the UK and the GSC asking for their preferred choices ...

BACKGROUND There is a lack of reliable biomarkers of axonal degeneration. Neurofilaments are promising candidates to fulfil this task. We compared two highly sensitive assays to measure two subunits of the neurofilament protein (neurofilament light (NfL) and neurofilament heavy chain (NfH)). METHODS We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of the UmanDiagnostics NF-light(®) enzyme...

BACKGROUND Concussion in the National Football League (NFL) remains an important issue. An initial description of the injury epidemiology involved 6 years from 1996 to 2001. HYPOTHESIS The increased attention to concussions may have resulted in team physicians being more conservative in treating players in recent years. STUDY DESIGN Two consecutive 6-year periods (1996-2001 and 2002-2007) w...

OBJECTIVES To assess cognitive impairment and depression in aging former professional football (National Football League [NFL]) players and to identify neuroimaging correlates of these dysfunctions. DESIGN We compared former NFL players with cognitive impairment and depression, cognitively normal retired players who were not depressed, and matched healthy control subjects. SETTING Research cent...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of early treatment for amblyopia in children. DESIGN Follow up of outcomes of treatment for amblyopia in a randomised controlled trial comparing intensive orthoptic screening at 8, 12, 18, 25, 31, and 37 months (intensive group) with orthoptic screening at 37 months only (control group). SETTING Avon, southwest England. PARTICIPANTS 3490 children who ...

In order to evaluate the influence of etiology of amblyopia and of age at onset of amblyopia on the resulting constellation of spatial vision deficits, resolution/vernier and recognition/resolution acuity ratios were measured in groups of children with either strabismic amblyopia or anisometropic amblyopia with known ages of onset. Strabismic amblyopia with infantile onset (<9 months) and strab...

AIMS To improve the diagnostic power for glaucoma by combining measurements of peripapillary nerve fibre layer (NFL), macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) and disc variables obtained with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) into the glaucoma structural diagnostic index (GSDI). METHODS In this observational, cross-sectional study of subjects from the Advanced Imaging of Glaucom...

Do NFL teams make rational decisions? What factors potentially affect the probability of wining a game in NFL? How can a team come back from a demoralizing interception? In this study we begin by examining the hypothesis of rational coaching, that is, coaching decisions are always rational with respect to the maximization of the expected points scored. We reject this hypothesis by analyzing the...

PURPOSE The National Football League (NFL) holds an annual combine to evaluate college football athletes likely to be drafted for physical skills, to review their medical history, and to perform a physical examination. The athletes receive an orthopedic grade on their ability to participate in the NFL. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that this orthopedic rating at the combi...