A prominent approach to modelling ambiguity about stock return distribution is assume that investors have multiple priors the and these are distributed according a certain second-order distribution. Realistically, may also distribution, thus allowing for ambiguous ambiguity. Despite long history of debates this idea (Reichenbach, 1949; Savage, 1954), there seems be no formal analysis investment...

Abstract The article proposes an addition to the tunnel parsing algorithm that enables it parse grammars having countable repetitions and configurations of grammar elements generating empty words without refactoring grammar. equivalency trees built by use ambiguous is discussed. class ε-ambiguous defined as a subclass relative these trees. ε-deterministic are then grammars. A technique for line...

This paper explores the effects that collusion can have in newspaper markets where firms compete for advertising as well as for readership. We compare three modes of competition: i) competition in the advertising and the reader market, ii) semi-collusion over advertising (with competition in the reader market), and iii) (full) collusion in both the advertising and the reader market. We find tha...

For biodiversity research, the field of study that is concerned with the biological diversity of our planet, it is of utmost importance that the location of an animal specimen find is known with high precision. Due to specimens often having been collected over the course of many years, their accompanying geographical data is often ambiguous or may be very imprecise. In this contribution, we det...