Although studies of the composition of alveolar air have been invaluable to the advance of respiratory physiology a precise definition of alveolar gas pressures and the accurate sampling of alveolar air have proved elusive goals (1). Owing to the cyclic nature of the ventilatory process the partial pressures of 02 and CO2 in the alveoli are changing continually (time factor) (9), and, owing to ...

 Abstract Alvelolar hydatid disease is caused by E. multilocularis. Human infection occurs at the larval stage of this small tape worm (1.2 to 4.5 mm). In this article we studied alveolar hydatid disease in a 50 year old woman who presented with a hepatic mass. Liver biopsy and histopathologic evaluation showed alvelolar hydatidosis of the liver. Then resection of the left lobe of liver was don...

I N THE past many different methods have been employed for the direct sampling of alveolar air. A sound criticism of the validity of the technique has usually been futile since one was at loss to define or determine mean alveolar composition. The ease with which alveolar air composition can be altered by the slightest change in ventilation is very impressive and makes one aware of the possibili...

Alveolar formation is coupled to the spatiotemporally regulated differentiation of alveolar myofibroblasts (AMYFs), which contribute to the morphological changes of interalveolar walls. Although the Ras-ERK signaling pathway is one of the key regulators for alveolar formation in developing lungs, the intrinsic molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying its role remain largely unknown. By anal...

Interstitial lung disorders are characterized both by a chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract that includes increased numbers of activated alveolar macrophages and by increased numbers of fibroblasts within the alveolar wall. Since alveolar macrophages from normal individuals can be activated to release a growth factor for lung fibroblasts (alveolar macrophage-derived growth facto...

'Fibrosing alveolitis' refers to a broad general category of disease characterized by an inflammatory process in the lung beyond the terminal bronchiole having as its essential features (1) cellular thickening of the alveolar walls with a strong tendency to fibrosis, and (2) the presence of large mononuclear cells, presumably of alveolar origin, within the alveolar spaces. Sixteen cases in whic...

Occupational exposure to isopropanol was studied in 12 workers by testing environmental air, alveolar air, venous blood, and urine during their work shift. Isopropanol, which ranged in environmental air between 7 and 645 mg/m3, was detected in alveolar air, where it ranged between 4 and 437 mg/m3, but not in blood or in urine. Alveolar isopropanol concentration (Ca) was significantly correlated...

UNLABELLED Glucocorticoid (GC) treatment is the main cause of secondary osteoporosis. There are some controversies about the relationships between alveolar bone loss and bone loss at the appendicular and axial skeleton. OBJECTIVE To assess, in parallel, the effects of GCs on alveolar bone and on the tibia in a mice model. METHODS Five-month-old male Swiss-Webster mice were randomized into t...

Beta-adrenergic receptors (betaAR) regulate active Na+ transport in the alveolar epithelium and accelerate clearance of excess airspace fluid. Accumulating data indicates that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is important for upregulation of the active ion transport that is needed to maintain alveolar fluid homeostasis during pulmonary edema. We hypothesized that b...