Bit-error rates are computed for an on-off keying optical communication system using avalanche photodiodes (APD’s). We use a model for the APD that includes dead space and the finite response time. Dead space is the minimum distance that a newly generated carrier must travel in order to acquire sufficient energy to become capable of causing an impact ionization in the multiplication region of t...

The effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on anatomical dead space, one and three second forced expiratory volume, maximal expiratory flow rate, and total forced expiratory volume were determined in ten healthy volunteers. Using Fowler's single breath nitrogen analyzing technique, atropine was found to increase dead space by 19.2 per cent at one hour, declining to 11.02 per cent at four hours....

The pulmonary diffusing capacity for oxygen (DLo,) is of great physiological and clinical significance (1). Its measurement, however, is relatively complex (2). Pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) which, it is usually assumed,' can be converted to DL02 from the known solubilities and molecular weights of the two gases, is, in general, more readily measured. Further, since th...