Chronic aluminium exposure and toxicity related to aluminium absorption continue to be a problem for many patients with renal failure [1]. The two most prevalent sources of aluminium are water used to prepare dialysate and aluminium-containing phosphate binders. However, calcium-based binders, Sevelamer or others, have replaced aluminium phosphate binders and reverse osmosis has been used for w...

This paper investigates the effect of varying solid alkali activators on fresh and hardened properties microstructural changes one-part geopolymers (OPGs). Single binary were used to activate high calcium fly ash. The either solely sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) or a combination aluminate (NaAlO2) (Na2SiO3). OPG activated with anhydrous Na2SiO3 achieved an excellent 28-day compressive strength 8...

BACKGROUND Progressive multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune condition of unknown aetiology and few therapeutic options. Human exposure to aluminium has been linked with multiple sclerosis and affected individuals are known to excrete unusually high amounts of aluminium in their urine. Silicon-rich mineral waters facilitate the removal of aluminium from the body in urine and herein we have...

For many years aluminium was not considered harmful to human health because of its relatively low bioavailability. In 1965, however, animal experiments suggested a possible connection between aluminium and Alzheimer’s disease. Oral intake of foodstuffs would appear to be the most important source of aluminium. Consequently, the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives reduced the provis...

OBJECTIVES The study attempts to define biological indicators of aluminium uptake and excretion in workers exposed to airborne aluminium compounds in a primary aluminium smelter. Also, this study defines the total and respirable aluminium dust fractions in two different potrooms, and correlates their concentrations with biological indicators in this group of workers. METHODS Air was sampled a...

The aetiology of breast cancer is multifactorial. While there are known genetic predispositions to the disease it is probable that environmental factors are also involved. Recent research has demonstrated a regionally specific distribution of aluminium in breast tissue mastectomies while other work has suggested mechanisms whereby breast tissue aluminium might contribute towards the aetiology o...

Aluminium that has accumulated in the body is thought to have a generalised cytotoxic effect. A prospective study of aluminium accumulation in bone-that is, subclinical aluminium toxicity--was carried out in 94 recipients of kidney allografts, who were followed up for three years. Subclinical aluminium toxicity was found in 66 patients. A significantly smaller proportion of patients with alumin...

BACKGROUND Aluminium toxicity in dialysis patients is well described. Aluminium has a close chemical affinity with silicon. Silicon may have a role in protection against aluminium toxicity. METHODS We measured serum aluminium and silicon levels from haemodialysis patients from four different centres. RESULTS Though no relationship was seen across all centres combined, in one centre there wa...

The effect of Al and pH on the structure calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), most important hydration product in Portland blended cement, was studied at Ca/Si ~1.0. presence led to higher amounts secondary phases, larger interlayer distances, longer chains, concentrations dissolved Si, lower Ca concentrations. amount phases progressively decreased with increasing pH; that strätlingite Al(OH) 3 do...