FAO has accorded food security and sustainable livelihood a high priority since the Rio Summit and more recently in response to the declaration of the World Summit on Sustainable Development. On its part, the FAO Forestry Department in collaboration with partners, has launched a number of initiatives to assist developing countries, particularly those with low forest cover, designing and strengt...

Land change science has demonstrated that rural livelihoods around the world both drive and reflect changing environmental regimes and political economic/ structural transformations. This article explores the relationship between increasingly globalized rural livelihoods and in-place land change, assessing results from social surveys of smallholding households in the southern Yucatán region. We...

The magnitude of the global youth employment challenge cannot be overstated. As many as 100 million young people around the world are unable to find decent work, and many more are underemployed, often in unsafe, dead-end seasonal jobs. Moreover, the world’s youth population is rapidly expanding, predominantly in developing countries, placing even greater pressure on governments and society to a...

nayshābūr achieved considerable scholarly growth in the 3rd-6th/9th-12th centuries that was coupled with some ups and downs. this scholarly and academic growth was associated with desirable economic conditions. one of the instances of desirable economic conditions in nayshābūr was manifested in the scholars’ livelihood, and therefore, the scholars’ academic progress was to some extent dependent...

Jumla is highly rich in its vast and valuable Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) including different kinds of valuable medicinal and aromatic plants. However, in recent years, a significant decrease in availability of commercially traded NTFP species has been experienced. Nevertheless, some important initiatives have also been started to manage NTFPs in a sustainable basis. Community Forestry (C...

Due to climate change and its consequences to islands and coastal countries, the relocation of the people living in those vulnerable places has received a lot of attention from policy makers as well as academicians. There have been similar kinds of programs running in Bangladesh since the country’s independence in 1971, and people who are landless or victimized due to river bank erosion, cyclon...

The Ecological Water Transfer and Rehabilitation Project in the arid inland area of northwest China is an important measure in restoring a deteriorated ecosystem. However, the sustainability of the project is affected by many socio-economic factors. This article examines the attitudes of the local populace toward the project, its impact on the livelihood of the people, and the positive effects ...

In many agricultural countries, development of rural livelihood through increasing capital is a major regional policy to adapt to climate change. However, the role of livelihood capital in reducing climatic vulnerability is uncertain. This study assesses vulnerability and identifies the effects of common capital indicators on it, using Australian wheat as an example. We calculate exposure (a cl...

Earthquakes happen suddenly and are immensely destructive. They not only destroy entire societal production and infrastructure systems but also seriously interfere with daily life and reduce opportunities to earn income in earthquake-affected areas. In this paper, using the Ning’er Ms 6.4 earthquake in 2007 as an example, we analyzed the livelihood vulnerability of rural households in Ning’er C...