Humans can r e c o v e r t h e shape o f a s u r f a c e f r o m i t s image b o u n d a r y . The a u t h o r s have p r e s e n t e d a new a p p r o a c h t o shape f r o m b o u n d a r y [ 4 ] . I t i n c l u d e s t h r e e p o i n t s : t h e l i n e o f c u r v a t u r e (LOC) r e g u l a r i t y , a n a l g o r i t h m f o r c o n s t r u c t i n g LOC net f r o m b o u n d a r y , and...

This paper concerns the Schrr odinger operator ?+V (x) in R d ; d 3, with periodic potential V. Under the assumption V 2 L d=2 loc (R d), it is shown that the spectrum of ?+V (x) is absolutely continuous. The condition on the potential V is optimal in the context of L p spaces.

The genome sequence of the paleohexaploid Brassica rapa shows that fractionation is biased among the three subgenomes and that the least fractionated subgenome has approximately twice as many orthologs as its close (and relatively unduplicated) relative Arabidopsis than had either of the other two subgenomes. One evolutionary scenario is that the two subgenomes with heavy gene losses (I and II)...

Previous work in Arabidopsis showed that after an ancient tetraploidy event, genes were preferentially removed from one of the two homologs, a process known as fractionation. The mechanism of fractionation is unknown. We sought to determine whether such preferential, or biased, fractionation exists in maize and, if so, whether a specific mechanism could be implicated in this process. We studied...

Carbon isotope fractionation factors associated with the aerobic consumption of methane (C1), ethane (C2), propane (C3), and nbutane (C4) were determined from incubations of marine sediment collected from the Coal Oil Point hydrocarbon seep field, located offshore Santa Barbara, CA. Hydrogen isotope fractionation factors for C1, C2 and C3 were determined concurrently. Fresh sediment samples fro...

Studies of microbial sulfate reduction have suggested that the magnitude of sulfur isotope fractionation varies with sulfate concentration. Small apparent sulfur isotope fractionations preserved in Archean rocks have been interpreted as suggesting Archean sulfate concentrations of <200 μm, while larger fractionations thereafter have been interpreted to require higher concentrations. In this wor...

Condensation corrosion is a natural process which enhances the chemical weathering of limestone cave chambers and speleothems. We evaluated use carbonate tablets for detecting condensation in Glowworm Cave, New Zealand, using local speleothem as experimental substrates (herein tablets). Evidence was assessed via three methods: gravimetric (mass wasting), microscopic (surface pitting, recrystall...

..................................................................................................................................... 7 List of original publications ................................................................................................ 9 Abbreviations .........................................................................................................................

This paper focuses on the interaction between gender discrimination and household decisions. It develops a model with endogenous fertility, endogenous labor supply and endogenous size of government spending. Family policies which concern childcare services are assumed to reduce the time that parents spend on their children. The model shows that gender discrimination may explain differences in h...

It is easy for an expert to express his/her preferences using fuzzy linguistic term such as ‘good’, ‘very good’ in group decision making because of uncertainty existing. The linguistic 2-tuple representation model was selected to represent fuzzy linguistic term. To obtain the objective decision power in a linguistic 2-tuple judgment matrix given by an expert, the paper put forward a new approac...