The obesity epidemic and excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages have led to proposals of economics-based interventions to promote healthy eating in the United States. Targeted food and beverage taxes and subsidies are prominent examples of such potential intervention strategies. This paper examines the differential effects of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages by calories and by ounce...

Faced with food supply disruptions due in part to geopolitics and political instability its traditional source markets the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates, Qatar—a wealthy, highly import-dependent open economy—plans identify a set alternative that can assure it stable chain security. This study develops preferences import substitution elasticities for country’s four most important ...

The paper aims to estimate the food demand of rural households in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, using Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) and microdata from SUSENAS. We aggregate into five groups: staple food, animal vegetables & fruits, prepared other food. results show that for is most sensitive expenditure, whereas expenditure-inelastic. Staple are substitutes each other. O...

Money demand modelsoverpredicted M2 growth in theUnited States from 1990 to 1993. We examine this overprediction using a model ofhousehold demand for liquid wealth. The model is a dynamic generalization ofthe almost-ideal demand model ofDeaton and Muellbauer (1980). We find that the own-price elasticity ofmoney demand rose substantially after 1990. We also find important cross-price elasticitie...

current article is allocated to the report of a research in which the income elasticities of urban families” demand for public education in time period of 2008-2013 were estimated separately according to the income deciles and by applying rotterdam demand system, it was clarified that public education is normal commodity. different size of estimative elasticities indicated that public education...

Abstract The traditional applied demand system estimation assumes that when consumer income and commodity prices change, the consumers instantaneously fully adjust to a new consumption equilibrium level use static such as Static Linear Almost Ideal Demand System (Static LA-AIDS) for estimation. However, in real-life situations, an assumption does not hold take time settle level. Hence, dynamic ...

in this paper rst we dene the notions of positive implicativehyper mv -ideals of types 1,2,3 and 4 in hyper mv -algebras and we investigatethe relationship between of them . then by some examples we show that thesenotions are not equivalent. finally we give some relations between these notionsand the notions of (weak) hyper mv -ideals and (weak) hyper mv -deductivesystems of hyper mv -algebras.