All-optical switching based on a subwavelength metallic grating structure containing nonlinear optical materials has been proposed and numerically investigated. Metal-dielectric composite material is used in the switching for its larger third-order nonlinear susceptibility (approximately 10(-7)esu) and ultrafast response properties. The calculated dependence of the signal light intensity on the...

the paper presents an analysis of both energy intensity and energy demand for the italianindustrial sector. the aim of the paper is twofold: making a decomposition of energy intensity at the aggregate level and modeling energy demand at the firm level. the decomposition of energy intensity shows different patterns for the different sub-sectors in the period of interest. in the micro approach, p...

infiltration rate of water into the soil depends on the factors such as rock and litter cover, canopy cover, rainfall intensity, coarse material, land slope, soil texture and amount of initial soil moisture. the most important factors that are effective in the water infiltration rate of rangelands are livestock trampling and vegetation reduction due to the overgrazing. in present study, through...

Standard theories of labor market search predict that workers should search less when the returns to search are low, yielding the counterfactual prediction that labor market participation and other measures of search intensity should be strongly procyclical and unemployment should be acyclical or even procyclical. I argue that this is a consequence of how search intensity is modelled. In a disc...

background: light is an important and adjustable physical factor in the job environment.this study aimed to determine the intensity of natural and mixed light and also the level of ultraviolet radiation in libraries and computer sites of ilam universities in spring 2011.   methods: in this cross-sectional study, 10 libraries, 16 study saloons, and 7 computer sites were selected. luminosity asse...

purpose: the purpose of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of regular exercise as a useful nonpharmacological strategy in attenuating the diabetes symptom such as hyperglycaemia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and weight loss. materials and methods: twenty male wistar rats (200±20 gr) were divided to four groups (n = 5 per group): sedentary normal (n), trained normal (ne), sedenta...

artificial neural networks (anns) have become one of the most promising tools for rainfall simulation since a few years ago. however, most of the researchers have focused on rainfall intensity records as well as on watersheds, which generally are utilized as input records of other hydro-meteorological variables. the present study was conducted in kechik station, golestan province (northern iran...

pain management is crucially important in the postoperative period as it increases patient comfort and satisfaction. the primary outcome of present study was to evaluate the effect of sufentanil added to hyperbaric bupivacaine solution 0.25% in transversus abdominis plane (tap) block, on postoperative analgesic consumption. fifty asa physical status i–ii term primiparous single-tone pregnant wo...

introduction: pain is the most common problems in the post cesarean period. today, despite technological development in health care setting the usual method of pain relief after surgery is inadequate. materials & methods: this study was a blind clinical trial which performed in mustafa hospital, ilam, iran. 80 pregnant women who referred to delivery ward for elective cesarean and they had inclu...

the present paper investigates the effect of production factors, including technology, physical capital and labour on the energy consumption intensity of iran. for this purpose, time series data during the period of (1974-2007) have been analyzed within cobb–douglas production function framework. the results of the study indicate that the technology and the physical capital have caused the aver...