The changes in cell surface properties associated with alkali stress can significantly disrupt cell metabolism and structures, preventing effective interactions between bacterial cells and their environment. Listeria monocytogenes is known to display an adaptive response to alkali stress that enhances its capacity to more effectively survive subsequent severe alkali challenge. In this study, we...

One of the main disadvantages steel bars is rebar corrosion, especially when they are exposed to aggressive environmental conditions such as marine environments. suggested ways solve this problem use composite bars. However, these ambiguous due some weaknesses, low modulus elasticity and linear behavior in tensile tests. In research, effect hybridization process on mechanical behavior, includin...

Ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs), can reduce the alkali load in concrete, despite its relatively high alkali content. Most research has been devoted to the efficacy of slag with an alkali content of less than 1.0% and this is reflected in guidance documents. A comparative assessment was made of the effect, if any, of the alkali level of ggbs on potential alkali-silica reactivity. Exp...

Abstract The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is one of the largest accretionary orogens on Earth and preserves evidence that more than 50% this orogen represents juvenile crustal growth over an extended period some 750 million years from ca. 1000 Ma to 250 Ma. However, mechanism controversial, as implied by a variety proposed models ranging contributions mantle-derived basaltic underplating ...

Abstract Apatite can incorporate significant amounts of H2O and CO2, potentially recording volatile abundance behavior during magma evolution. Here we conducted in situ measurements CO2 concentrations apatite, along with elemental compositions, from two contemporaneous alkaline volcanic suites (Tianbao Tudiling) the South Qinling belt central China to better understand contents evolving melts. ...

Introduction: A strong early Martian greenhouse atmosphere is required to account for evidence of liquid water on the surface of Mars [e.g. 1]. Many models of Mars’ atmospheric evolution incorporate magmatic outgassing fluxes of CO2 based on analogy to terrestrial magmas [2-5]. Here we investigate the solubility of carbon dioxide in Martian analogue basaltic melts at 2.0 GPa to constrain this i...

This work aims at providing a better understanding of the mechanical properties of the reaction rim in the alkali-silica reaction. The elastic modulus of the calcium alkali silicate constituting the reaction rim, which is formed at the interface between alkali silicate and Ca(OH)₂ in a chemically-idealized system of the alkali-silica reaction, was studied using nano-indentation. In addition, th...

We report gravel of the River Euphrates, capped by basalt that is Ar-Ar dated to ∼9 Ma, at Shireen in northern Syria. This gravel, preserved by the erosion-resistant basalt, allows us for the first time to reconstruct the history of this major river during the Late Miocene. In response to progressive regional surface uplift, the Euphrates extended SE by ∼800 km between the early Middle Miocene,...