BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, which has been ranked as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide. Diagnosis based on cultured specimens is the reference standard, however results take weeks to process. Scientists are looking for early detection strategies, which remain the cornerstone of tuberculosis control. Consequently there is a ...

Global observations of cloud and humidity distributions in the upper troposphere within all geophysical conditions are critically important in order to monitor the present climate and to provide necessary data for validation of climate models to project future climate change. Towards this end, tropical oceanic distributions of thin cirrus optical depth (τ ), effective diameter (De), and relativ...

Abstract. Ozone (O3) plays a significant role in weather and climate on regional to global spatial scales. Most studies the variability total column of O3 (TCO) are typically carried out using daytime data. Based knowledge chemistry transport O3, deviations between night-time only expected either planetary boundary layer (PBL) or high stratosphere mesosphere, with little effect TCO. Hence, we e...

Abstract. Atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) play an important role in atmospheric dynamics but accurately representing them general circulation models (GCMs) is challenging. This especially true for orographic GWs generated by wind flow over small mountainous islands the Southern Ocean. Currently, these lie “grey zone” of global model resolution, where they are neither fully resolved nor paramete...