BACKGROUND One century after the introduction of the oxygen flow meter into clinical practice, we have developed a device, FreeO(2), that automatically titrates the oxygen flow delivered to spontaneously breathing patients, with the aim of maintaining a stable S(pO(2)). We evaluated this system in healthy subjects during induced hypoxemia. METHODS Hypoxemia was induced in 10 healthy subjects...

In this paper, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) method is used to find the best compromising design of intake manifold for a 3-cylinder engine considering mean value of torque, torque at 3500 rpm, mean value of brake mean specific consumption (BSFC) and BSFC at 3500 rpmas four objective functions. To calculate the objective functions, engine simulation i...

effects of acute systemic hypoxia on the cardiovascular system (cys) and respiration of spontaneously breathing cats were studied in two conditions. 1): hypoxic air (6-8% 02 in n2) was given to the animal to induce systemic hypoxia for 20 minutes. hyperventilation at this condition lowered arterial c02 tension (pac02 hypocapnia). 2): in the second run, induction of hypocapnia was prevented by a...

We investigate the droplet size distributions and concentrations produced by an aerosol generator driven by a high velocity air jet delivered in cross flow to an oil tube at Mach numbers of 0.1-1.0, and Weber numbers based on the air flow parameters between 1000 to 40000. Measured Sauter mean droplet diameters (SMD) from 1μm to 3.5μm were determined by an Electronic Low Pressure Impactor over t...

Very high gravity (VHG) technology was employed on industrial scale to produce ethanol from molasses (fermented) as well as by-products formation estimation. The effect of different Brix° (32, 36 and 40) air-flow rates (0.00, 0.20, 0.40, and 0.60vvm) was studied on ethanol production. The maximum ethanol production was recorded to be 12.2% (v/v) at 40 Brix° with 0.2vvm air-flow rate. At optimum...

The emission to the atmosphere of soil fumigants such as chloropicrin represents a potentially important human exposure pathway. Commonly, determining the air concentration of fumigants is carried out by pumping air through sorbent tubes which chemically retain the fumigant. In order to obtain an accurate measurement, it is essential that the fumigant does not break through the sorbent tubes, s...

Air-water flow experiments were conducted on some flat and pooled stepped spillways with slopes of 8.9° and 26.6° in transition and skimming flows. The study comprised the observations of the flow patterns, characteristic air-water flow properties, and energy dissipation performances. The air-water flow properties showed some differences in terms of interfacial velocity, bubble count rate, and ...

The unidirectional flow through the gas-exchanging bronchi of bird lungs is known to be effected by (1) the structure of the major bronchi and (2) a pressure difference between the cranial and caudal air sacs. To study the effects of bronchial structure, simple physical models of bird lungs were constructed. They suggested that, to achieve unidirectional flow, air in the caudal portion of the p...

In the most application of nozzle with gas-liquid two-phase flow, the quality of mixture in exhaust of nozzle is the most important parameter as well as the flow velocity. On the other hand, in some industrial application, such as water injection in forced induction (turbocharged or supercharged) internal combustion engine the spray quality is the main goal of designing. In this case and for im...