Alborz observatory is an EAS array in the heights of Alborez mountain chain near Tehran. For the development of the array, more number of detectors is inevitable. The managing the financial resources and achieving the highest efficiency of the array is important for the project. Therefore, Water Cherenkov Detectors has been used for 9 months in the same way as the previous experiment with Scint...

Selachians have no swimbladders, and are denser than the water in which they live. When swimming horizontally, they must therefore exert a force against gravity. It is generally accepted that in the case of the sharks and dogfish upward forces are generated by the passage of the pectoral fins through the water at a positive angle of attack, and by the action of the heterocercal tail. Harris (19...

A simple procedure, which enables accurate measurement of transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/STEM probe currents using an energy loss spectrometer drift tube is described. The currents obtained are compared with those measured on the fluorescent screen to enable the losses due to secondary and backscattered electrons to be determined. The current values obtained from the drift tube allow th...

The survival rate of lung cancer can be significantly improved by monitoring biomarkers in exhaled air that indicate diseases in early stage, so it is very important to develop micro analytical systems which can offer a fast, on-site, real-time detecting biomarkers in exhaled air. In this paper, a mini-gas chromatography (GC)-photo-ionization detector (PID) system integrated with a micro GC col...

KASCADE-Grande is a ground based multi-detector experiment measuring extensive air showers in order to study the primary cosmic ray energy spectrum in the energy range from 10 eV to 10 eV. A Flash-ADC based data acquisition system in KASCADE-Grande allows to study the temporal structure of extensive air showers. Muons in extensive air showers are thought to arrive on average earlier than the pa...

The vertical profile of atmospheric depth is an important element in extensive air shower studies. The depth of shower maximum is one of the most important characteristics of the shower. In the fluorescence technique of shower detection, the geometrical reconstruction provides the altitude of shower maximum, so that an accurate profile of atmospheric depth is needed to convert this altitude to ...

While developing a liquid argon detector for dark matter searches we investigate the influence of air contamination on the VUV scintillation yield in gaseous argon at atmospheric pressure. We determine with a radioactive αsource the photon yield for various partial air pressures and different reflectors and wavelength shifters. We find for the fast scintillation component a time constant τ1 = 1...

PURPOSE The aim of this work is to propose a general and simple procedure for the calibration and validation of kilo-voltage cone-beam CT (kV CBCT) models against experimental data. METHODS The calibration and validation of the CT model is a two-step procedure: the source model then the detector model. The source is described by the direction dependent photon energy spectrum at each voltage w...