The relative importance of agricultural land retirement on water quality and aquatic-community health was investigated in the Minnesota River Basin. Eighty-two sites, with drainage areas ranging from 4.3 to 2200 km, were examined for nutrient concentrations, measures of aquatic-community health (e.g., fish index of biotic integrity [IBI] scores), and environmental factors (e.g., drainage area a...

Following the recent expiry of the United Nations' 2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), new international development agenda covering 2030 water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) targets have been proposed, which imply new demands on data sources for monitoring relevant progress. This study evaluates drinking-water and sanitation classification systems from national census questionnaire conte...

This paper suggests an alternative welfare index for Western Visayas, Philippines. It composes the latest Human Development Index (HDI), and recent figures on employment underemployment rate, agricultural production gross regional domestic product Consumer Price Index, inflation purchasing power, Gini-coefficient ratio, poverty incidence, temperature, population growth. The study collects these...

This paper describes the nutritional status of pre-school children and analyzes its relationship to various household socio-economic indicators. Padi, rubber and fishing villages from the Functional Groups Study (1992-1996) were selected for having a high prevalence of child undernutrition, and all children between the ages of 12 and 72 months were measured for their weights and heights in Apri...

Results In clinical cases of asthma, poor sanitation and water supply (p<0.01), low education level (p<0.01), low income (p<0.01), positive family history and low physical activity (p<0.01) were found to be associated with asthma. We also found that low education level (p<0.001,6.75 times), low family income (p<0.001,9.11 times), low personal income (p<0.001,12.5 times), poor sanitation (p<0.01...

climate change phenomenon is an important environmental challenge of the world that has increased its speed with the increasing extension of greenhouse gases and remote relationship phenomena. changes in precipitation level, drought occurrence and in the level of surface and groundwater resources are the recognized consequences of climate change. in order to study climate change phenomenon cons...

Implementing agricultural water management programs over appropriate spatial extents can have positive effects on water access and erosion management. Lack of access to water for domestic and agricultural uses represents a major constraint on agricultural productivity and perpetuates poverty and hunger in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This lack of access is the result of erratic precipitation, poor...