One of the elegant gems of modern economic theory is Paul Samuelson’s nonsubstitution theorem. Samuelson (1951) showed that a surprisingly rich class of closed economies behave in general competitive equilibrium as if production were of the Leontief fixed coefficient form. Though Samuelson’s assumptions allow the possibility of neoclassically smooth substitution among many inputs, his nonsubsti...

It is well known in the economic literature that labour supply curve can bend backwards and, therefore, leisure be a Giffen good. also normal This article proves if good, it has to result that, contrary common knowledge economics, not all goods, are inferior goods. These results could taken into account, for example, when finding empirical evidence and designing policies on supply, an era of ma...

Despite the impressive growth of African agriculture in the past two decades, the pressing need to accelerate agricultural productivity growth is widely recognized. Much of the solution to achieving sustainable food security and nutrition depends on improving production in Africa, without increasing the environmental footprint of agriculture (Chapter 1, this volume). The food gap in Africa sout...

Amongst the impacts of converting forest to agricultural activities is the degradation of ecology service values and goods (ESVG). Impacts on ESVG can be devastating in environmental, biological, and socio-economics manners. This paper highlights the study undertaken on the impacts of agricultural development in 0.8x10 6 ha of forest dominated landscape in Pasoh Forest Region (PFR), Malaysia, w...

Agriculture is different from industry and plays a significant role in the economic development of a nation. India‟s prosperity depends upon the agricultural prosperity. There are many kinds of agricultural products produced in India and the marketing of all these farm products generally tends to be a complex process. Agricultural marketing involves many operations and processes through which t...

iran has experienced high food prices in recent years. this paper examines the welfare impacts of rising major food groups' prices on iranian urban households using quadratic almost ideal demand system (quaids) approach. the elasticity coefficients derived from quaids are used to estimate compensated variations (cv).the study uses iranian household expenditure and income survey (heis) raw data,...

the agricultural products’ market has always been faced with many structural problems such as marketing weakness, price fluctuations and inadequate infrastructure and transportation in iran. a major cause of such structural problems has been referred to the traditional and inefficient structure of the agricultural products’ market. hence, iran mercantile exchange started its activity since 2007...

During the last decade, virtual goods have become an important target of consumption online (especially in games, virtual worlds and social networking services) amongst physical and digital goods. In this study we investigate the question of why do people purchase virtual goods by conducting a metaanalysis (random effects model) of the existing quantitative body of literature (24 studies) on th...