Agitation: 1. Violent motion. 2. Strong or tumultuous emotion. Management of the agitated patient is fast becoming an area of major breakthroughs for critical care medicine. To illustrate, Figure 1 shows the total number of articles found on MEDLINE using a combination of search words related to sedation and critical care. This crude survey demonstrates an exponential rise in activity surroundi...

An optimization process with a cheap and abundant substrate is considered one of the factors affecting the price of the production of economical 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD). A combination of the conventional method and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in this study. The optimized levels of pH, aeration rate, agitation speed, and substrate concentration (maltodextrin) were investigated...

The parameters affecting the production of pectate lyase from P. polymyxa N10 were studied using the response surface methodology agitation rate (X1, 100-300 rpm), temperature (X2, 25-45 o C) and pH (X3, 5.5-9.5). The most significant factors influencing enzyme production were temperature and pH. The second order polynomial regression model obtained was fitted and found adequate, with an R 2 of...

We report the design of a structurally concise alanine derivative (Ala-hyd) that has a rotationally flexible aromatic N-protecting group for alanine and a hydrazide functionality at its carboxylic end. Ala-hyd requires mechanical agitation (physically stirring, vortexing or sonicating) to form supramolecular hydrogels at medium concentrations (0.4-0.8 wt%). At higher concentrations (>0.8 wt%), ...

Study selection 2 reviewers independently selected studies in any language if they were randomised, placebo controlled trials with allocation concealment and assessment of agitation before and after treatment; if they involved patients who had dementia (unclassified or diagnosed according to criteria) and agitation and treatable causes were ruled out; and if they evaluated haloperidol for > 1 w...

Emergence agitation preventive medicine should be combined with pediatric anesthesia because of the high frequency of emergence agitation. However, it is challenging to determine the most appropriate medication that can be introduced into pediatric anesthesia for the sake of emergence agitation prevention. We reviewed and retrieved the data from PubMed and Embase. Various medications were asses...

BACKGROUND Four types of agitation have been identified: physically aggressive behaviors, physically nonaggressive behaviors, verbally aggressive behaviors, and verbally nonaggressive behaviors. These pose a major challenge to caregivers and are sometimes indicators of the emotional state of the older person. Longitudinal changes in these four subtypes of agitated behaviors were examined. MET...

Background:Olanzapine is a highly tolerable and easily affordable atypical antipsychotic drug which has been commonly prescribed in both inpatient and outpatient settings for several mental disorders. Olanzapine overdose is commonly seen in psychiatric patients, who attempt suicide by intoxicating themselves with their own prescribed medications. Increased olanzapine use is associated with incr...

OBJECTIVES The primary purpose of this study was to determine the level of agitation that psychiatric patients exhibit upon arrival to the emergency department. The secondary purpose was to determine whether the level of agitation changed over time depending upon whether the patient was restrained or unrestrained. METHOD An observational study enrolling a convenience sample of 100 patients pr...

Editor—We read with interest the article by Lee and colleagues comparing propofol and fentanyl for prevention of emergence agitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children. We thank the authors for their work in this very common and often very distressing scenario. We would like to raise a few important questions regarding this study. Pain is one of the important causes for emergence agitati...