I develop a model of venture capital (VC) intermediation that can quantitatively explain central empirical facts about VC activity and allows evaluating its impact on economic growth. The framework reveals how pro-cyclical VC investment dynamics reinforce themselves through a risk premium channel that rationalizes low funding standards in booms. VC investments’ aggregate impact is significantly...

In this paper we de ne and estimate measures of labor market imperfection in the context of an equilibrium search and matching framework. The method uses readily available aggregate data on marginal distributions of unemployment and job durations and wages. We estimate an index of search frictions, the magnitude of structural and frictional unemployment, and the average monopsony power of rms, ...

The hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is prevalent in Egypt, the Middle East and Africa. Recently, the epidemiology of HCV-4 has changed and this genotype has begun to cross borders and spread to several regions in Europe through immigration and injection drug use. HCV-4 has been considered a difficult-to-treat genotype based on the low sustained virological response (SVR) rates obtained wit...

Distributional consequences typically receive limited attention in economic models that analyze the effects of monetary and financial sector policies. These consequences deserve more attention as financial markets are incomplete, imperfect, and economic agents’ access to them is often limited. This limits households’ ability to insure against household-specific (or sector-specific) shocks and m...

this experiment was conducted to investigation of some agronomical traits in different castor bean genotypes at west azarbaijan, in agricultural research station of urmia, as completely randomized block design with three replications, during 2007-2008. result showed that the effect of different genotypes were significant on all characteristics. the highest and lowest number of grain per plant o...

the influence of melatonin receptor 1a gene on litter size was studied in 150 ewes from zel (n=100) and naeini (n=50) sheep breeds. two restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analyses were done to determine all genotypes occurring by variations at mnli and rsai restriction sites. the m and c were the most frequent alleles in both of these breeds. the mm genotype was predominant in zel ...

aggregate stability is an important soil property because it dictates how strongly a soil can resist water erosion. the objectives in this study were: (1) to compare the stability of six soil aggregate size fractions, primarily to determine if aggregate stability varies with aggregate size, and (2) to determine with which aggregate size fraction the stability of most soils would be different fr...

Motivated by differences in innovation intensity across advanced economies, this paper presents an empirical examination of the determinants of country-level production of international patents. We introduce a novel framework based on the concept of national innovative capacity. National innovative capacity is the ability of a country to produce and commercialize a flow of innovative technology...

objectives the main goal of the treatment of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is reduction and elimination of viruses as well as achieving high sustained viral response (svr). the present study aimed to assess response to treatment of hcv infection by focusing on virological and biochemical aspects. methods this study was performed in hamadan, iran on hcv infected patients who were referre...