This study develops system-level models of ammonia-fuelled powertrains that reflect the characteristics four oceangoing vessels to evaluate efficacy ammonia as an alternative fuel in marine environment. Relying on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and chemical engineering, adequately capture behaviour internal combustion engines, gas turbines, processing equipment, exhaust aftertreatment component...

This paper presents an experimental study of a 4-cylinder, downsized and boosted, spark ignition engine fuelled by either directly injected compressed natural gas (DI CNG) or gasoline (GDI). Three different charge preparation strategies are investigated for both fuels: stoichiometric operation without external dilution, with exhaust recirculation (EGR) lean burn. The performance the optimized D...

Stable ultra-lean combustion is an effective way for natural gas engines to reduce NOx emissions, but it also has higher requirements ignition stability. The passive pre-chamber can effectively increase the energy and extend lean-burn limit of engines. However, scavenging capacity limits its performance under low engine load. In this paper, several pre-chambers are designed, CFD simulation carr...

The worldwide consumption of fossil hydrocarbons in the road transport sector 2020 corresponded to roughly half overall consumption. However, biofuels have been discreetly contributing mitigate gaseous emissions and participating sustainable development, thus leading extending commercial utilization internal combustion engines. In this scenario, present work aims at exploring effects alternativ...

in order to study of drought stress on physiological and agronomicalcharacteristics of rapeseed varieties, an experiment was carried out as split plot basedon randomized complete block design with three replications at yazd region duringof 2011-2012. irrigation treatments was designed in two levels as main plot includingirrigation after 80 mm evaporation from evaporation pan, class a (control t...

We introduce a microwave (MW)-assisted heterogeneous catalytical setup, which we carefully examined for its thermal and performance characteristics. Although MW-assisted catalysis has been widely explored in the past, there is still need attention towards specific experimental details, may complicate interpretation of results comparability general. In this study discuss technical material relat...