We take advantage of a rare shift in institutional rules to provide unambiguous evidence of causal effects of party influence in Congress. After the 1994 Republican Revolution, the new majority party in the US House adopted rules that centralized committee assignments within the party leadership. We build a research design around this event to study how committee promotion affects party support...

Since Iran’s revolution in 1979, relations between Washington and Tehran have been invariably fraught. The Trump presidency saw escalating tensions which the Biden administration has sought to moderate with uncertain results. This article locates contemporary events within a broader analysis of US policy towards Iran, for over four decades oscillated attempted rapprochement hostility short-of-w...

the paper, first, reviews the development of social welfare issue and then investigates how primary welfare policy and social insurance has been formulated and accepted in europe. it is argued that social events which caused by industrialization and urbanization led to formation of social welfare and welfare state. eleven resources, in iran, have been known as welfare approaches and produced sp...

despite some stable factors in iran’s foreign policy , it has changed dramatically toward israel after the islamic revolution in iran. it was the case while these two countries had intensive strategic military and even economic relations before the islamic revolution. the main question this article seeks to answer is that among ir theory which of them can better explain this change in iran’s fo...

1 Background Agriculture sector occupies the centre stage in shaping India’s socio-economic status. The economy of the second most populous country in the world is inextricably linked to the pulse of its agricultural success or failure. India has witnessed a significant increase in food grain production after green revolution, oilseeds production after yellow revolution, milk production after w...