The secondary metabolism of toxigenic fungi can produce mycotoxins, substances that are toxic for both humans and animals. Mycotoxins their by-products found in various biological tissues considered biomarkers, concentrations these directly proportional to the level exposure. Mineral adsorbents may prevent mycotoxin absorption. aim this review is study feasibility biomarkers as tools assess eff...

Antibody based techniques are widely used for the detection of aflatoxins which are potent toxins with a high rate of occurrence in many crops. We developed a murine monoclonal antibody of immunoglobulin A (IgA) isotype with a strong binding affinity to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). The antibody was effectively used i...

this study was conducted to evaluate and compare the levels of aflatoxin m1 in raw and pasteurized milk samples during different seasons by enzyme- linked immuno sorbent assay in sanandaj, iran. in 257 (94.49%) out of 272 milk samples the presence of aflatoxin m1 was detected in concentrations ranging between 0.007 and 115.930 ng/l. afm1 level in 12 (4.4%) of positive samples were higher than t...

Abstract Mycotoxins, the metabolites of toxigenic fungi are important contaminants food and agriculture industry throughout world. Among different strategies to minimize mycotoxins synthesis decontamination food; yeasts their derivatives used as efficient biological control agents. In this study, cell walls (CW) six yeast strains; two commercial baking {Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc 1 Sc2)}, low...

BACKGROUND The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk, especially breast milk, is a valuable biomarker for exposure determination to aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)). In the present study, the risk of exposure to AFM(1) in infants fed breast milk was investigated. METHODS An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the analysis of AFM(1) in breast milk samples from 132 lactating mothe...

A specific antibody for 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1-diol) was prepared, and its reactivity was characterized for the major aflatoxin (AF) B1 (AFB1) metabolites. Reductive alkylation was used to conjugate AFB1-diol to ethylenediamine-modified bovine serum albumin (EDA-BSA) and horseradish peroxidase for use as an immunogen and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) marker, ...

Abstract Mycotoxins are highly toxic fungal metabolites that can pose health threats to humans and animals. Aflatoxins a type of mycotoxin produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus A. parasiticus . A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS) method with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes was developed for the determination aflatoxins in blood after...

Aflatoxins have long been suspected to be human hepatic carcinogens but no direct study was feasible until assays to measure individual aflatoxin exposure became available. We have used assays for urinary aflatoxin B1, its metabolites AFP1 and AFM1, and DNA-adducts (AFB1-N7-Gua) to assess the relation between aflatoxin exposure and liver cancer, as part of an ongoing prospective study of 18,244...