The morphology and histology of the cetacean adrenal gland are poorly understood. Therefore, this study examined 32 pairs of adrenal glands from 18 pan-tropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) and 14 spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris). In both species, the cortex was pseudolobulated and contained a typical mammalian zonation. Medullary protrusions (0-3 per section) and a medullary b...

The adrenal cortex tumors (ACT) include both malignant adrenal cortex cancers and benign masses that can be either secreting, of one of the hormones normally produced in the adrenal cortex or non-secretory. We describe clinical features and laboratory finding of patients with adrenal cortex tumors. This is a case series report. 29 cases of childhood with adrenal cortex tumors treated at the Vie...

The physiological significance of the adrenal cortex in the ability of the individual to withstand "stress" has long been recognized: Selye (1950) provided a detailed description of the role of the cortex in the responses to a variety of stresses, including surgical trauma. In the 1950's postoperative collapse in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy was attributed to adrenocortical insuffi...

Background: Chemerin is an adipokine typically known for its role in inflammation. Recent studies suggest that it plays a part in the development of obesity and hypertension. Because of the importance of the sympathetic nervous system in blood pressure control and because the adrenal is an important effector of this system, we hypothesized that chemerin would be present in the adrenal glands an...

To elucidate the relationship between steroidogenic hormones and developing adrenal glands, we investigated the immunolocalization of steroidogenic enzymes in equine fetal adrenal glands during mid-late gestation. Fetal adrenal glands were obtained from three horses at 217, 225 and 235 days of gestation. Steroidogenic enzymes were immunolocalized using polyclonal antisera raised against bovine ...

Veterinarians are often presented with complex adrenal neoplasia cases that have significant intraoperative challenges, which require the skills of an experienced surgeon. Perioperative evaluation and treatment of these patients can be equally challenging, and successful outcomes require a thorough understanding of the tumor types that affect the adrenal glands, as well as an understanding of a...

In this narrative review, the authors discuss potential role of novel regenerative therapies for treatment adrenal insufficiency, including gene therapy and cell replacement strategies. More specifically, heterogeneity in function patients with Addison disease, numerous case reports spontaneous remission. The cite recent studies showing that, shortly after onset residual might be restored using...

It has been proposed that the mammalian adrenal cortex and gonad are derived from the same primordium present during early urogenital development. Molecular pathways involved in the differentiation of the adrenal cortex from the adrenogonadal primordium (AGP) have yet to be determined. Here we show in mice that the transcription co-factor Cited2 is required for the specification of the adrenal ...

the presence of tumor thrombus in the right atrium is frequently the result of direct intraluminal extension of infra-diaphragmatic malignancy into the inferior vena cava (ivc) or supradiaphragmatic carcinoma into the superior vena cava (svc). right atrial tumor thrombus with extension into both svc and ivc has not been reported in the literature. we present a patient who presented with symptom...

The mechanisms which effect alterations in the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex may be nervous, humoral or both. The present study was undertaken to examine the possibility that a humoral agent stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone in dogs with experimental secondary hyperaldosteronism produced by constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava. These animals secret...