Background & Aims: Changing the hormonal output of endocrine glands, diabetes leads to the occurrence of secondary metabolic disorders. Neuropathy, on the other hand, is the most common neurological complication of diabetes which affects the neuroendocrine system, in addition to peripheral and autonomic nervous system, contributing to exacerbation of disease severity. In this line, the present ...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to estimate pooled percentages of patients with adrenal insufficiency after treatment with corticosteroids for various conditions in a meta-analysis. Secondly, we aimed to stratify the results by route of administration, disease, treatment dose, and duration. METHOD We searched seven electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and CINAH...

RATIONALE Adrenal insufficiency is a common disorder in critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation and is usually associated with higher mortality and poor clinical outcome. OBJECTIVES To determine whether stress dose corticosteroid supplementation can improve ventilator weaning and clinical outcome in patients with adrenal insufficiency. METHODS A prospective, randomized, placebo ...

Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor that is composed of hematopoietic cells and mature fat. Mostly, these nonfunctioning tumors are distinguished incidentally during autopsy or radiologic investigations. Here, we report a case of 46-year-old man presented with nonspecific abdominal pain for one year, who had right adrenal mass with fat density detected by radiologic investigation. Histop...

results out of 617 patients, 79.6% had 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-ohd). in 21-ohd group 94.5% had classical type and 5.5% were non-classic. among the classic type 78% had salt-wasting form (sw) and 22% simple virilizing (sv). both 21-ohd-sv and sw were diagnosed more frequently in females. frequency of other types were as follow: 11-hydroxylase deficiency (11-ohd), 13.3%; 3ß-hydroxysteroid d...

Rifampicin is a potent inducer of hepatic microsomal enzymes and increases the oxidation of cortisol to 63-hydroxycortisol.2 As the major pathway of cortisol metabolism involving tetrahydroreduction of the A ring is not thought to be altered this increased utilisation usually represents only a small percentage of the cortisol produced in patients with normal adrenal function. In patients with p...

RATIONALE Nivolumab is a monoclonal IgG antibody blocking programmed death receptor-1 (PD1), leading to restoration of the natural T-cell-mediated immune response against the cancer cells. However, it also causes plenty of autoimmune-related adverse events, which often involves endocrine system. PATIENT CONCERNS A 54-year-old male with renal clear cell carcinoma was treated with nivolumab int...

Adrenocortical insufficiency occurs when there is inadequate release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are common following trauma, surgical stress, and critical illness. While this is often a protective mechanism, these responses may become "uncoupled" or maladaptive resulting in an exacerbation of organ failure and higher mortality ra...

Meningioma growth has been previously described in patients receiving oestrogen/progestogen therapy. We describe the clinical, radiological, biochemical and pathologic findings in a 45-year-old woman with congenital adrenal hyperplasia secondary to a defect in the 21-hydroxylase enzyme who had chronic poor adherence to glucocorticoid therapy with consequent virilisation. The patient presented w...

INTRODUCTION A rare case of adrenal myelolipoma presenting with spontaneous rupture and retroperitoneal haemorrhage is described. CLINICAL PICTURE A 51-year-old Caucasian male presented with acute onset of right loin pain. Preliminary diagnosis of haemorrhagic adrenal tumour was made on computed tomography (CT) and angiography. TREATMENT Vascular embolisation was performed to stabilise the ...