Transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography performed by a skilled and experienced investigator is currently considered as a highly accurate method in the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses. The authors set out a review based on sonographic images demonstrating the main presentations of adnexal masses, describing their characteristics and locations.

Pilomatrix carcinoma is the rare malignant counterpart of pilomatrixoma, a skin adnexal tumour originating from hair matrix cells. Pilomatrix carcinoma can arise as a solitary lesion de novo, or through transformation of a pilomatrixoma. Pilomatrixoma was first described erroneously as being of sebaceous gland origin but was later discovered to be derived from hair matrix cells. They are rare, ...

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) is a highly specialised surgical technique performed by dermatologists under local anaesthesia and used for the treatment of complex skin cancers. The technique was first developed by Frederic Mohs in the 1930s. The process involves taking horizontal sections of skin tissue which are then carefully mapped, colour-coded and examined microscopically in real-time. T...

A 61-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with tumors in the scalp (A), face (B), and neck (C) that had been present for four month with an acute decrease in visual acuity. These tumors have progressed to ulceration. Clinical examination observed although limited 3 lumps varying sizes from 1,5mm to 2 cm and ulcerated at the center. Dermoscopy was objective polymorphic vessels. The differe...

Ocular Adnexal Lymphomas are the first cause of primary ocular malignancies, and among them the most common are MALT Ocular Adnexal Lymphomas. Recently systemic immunotherapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody has been investigated as first-line treatment; however, the optimal management for MALT Ocular Adnexal Lymphomas is still unknown. The present study evaluated retrospectively the outcome ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the characteristics of patients who underwent surgery due to the presence of a large pelvic-abdominal mass over a 5-year period in a university clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS Among 3476 gynecologic operations, intraoperative findings were evaluated retrospectively. Uterine and/or adnexal masses smaller than 20 cm were excluded to refine "large" tumors and 74 patients with ...

This report presents the findings of TIL development from tumour biopsies of patients with bladder cancer. Analysis of tissue sections showed the presence of T cells in intra-epithelial layer in 8 of 12 cases investigated. In a larger group of patients, TILs were established from 7 of 20 cases and expansion of these cells in Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) r...

Aims and Objectives: The aim of this diagnostic observational study was to find an association of final diagnosis of adnexal masses suggested by MRI and compared it as an imaging modality in determining the origin, nature (benign/malignant) & characteristics of adnexal masses by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried o...

Until recently, surgical treatment of a benign adnexal mass implied a laparotomy. In recent years, the development of laparoscopic surgery, as well as ultrasound-guided aspiration techniques, have significantly modified the treatment options for these patients. These procedures have shown considerable advantages. They have reduced surgical trauma and have shortened the hospital stay. We present...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) increases the specificity of imaging evaluation for adnexal masses, especially when they are indeterminate on ultrasound, very large or when further imaging is required to establish tissue characteristics. This article is a pictorial essay describing the value of MRI in characterizing adnexal masses.