Acquired nosocomial infections include all clinical that the patient does not have at time of admission to hospital and hours after admission, patient's natural flora acquires characteristics become source bacterial for himself. Nosocomial dramatically cause illness death impose high costs on hospitalized patient. Hence, this study tends compare prevalence in opium consumers healthy patients ad...

Chronic exposure to cocaine induces modif icat ions to neurons in the brain regions involved in addict ion. Hence, we evaluated cocaine-induced changes in the hippocampal CAÍ field in Fischer 344 (F344) and Lewis (LEW) rats, 2 strains that have been widely used to study genetic predisposit ion to drug addict ion, by combining intracellular Lucifer yel low injection wi th confocal microscopy rec...

When I first developed an Addiction course for the Honors College at UMass-Boston in 2006, it focused exclusively on the acute and long-term effects of psychoactive substances on the brain. However, I soon realized that a strictly biological perspective failed to capture how this complex disorder affected the whole person. Students had no insight into addicts' thoughts, feelings, behaviors or h...