Introduction: An add-drop multiplexer (ADM) is one of the key elements in optical time division multiplexed (OTDM) networks. Various methods of performing OTDM add-drop have been demonstrated. Recently add-drop operation at 16 10 Gbit=s has been demonstrated with the use of a gain transparent ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (GT-UNI) [1] switch and at 4 40 Gbit=s with travelling-wave electroa...

in this paper, using annular resonator we have designed an adding and dropping filter light based ontwo-dimensional photonic crystals. the shape of ring resonator filter adding and dropping that wehave proposed is race track. this filter has a hexagonal lattice structure of silicon bars withrefractive index 3/46 that is located in the context of air with refractive index 1. transmissionefficien...

In this paper, we add three further indices to the survey on disproportionality by Karpov. Two of them are rooted in the issue of power, so we discuss the relevance of it in evaluating the disproportionality of a Parliament w.r.t. the voting body.

We propose a novel tunable optical add/drop multiplexer, based on Asymmetric Bragg Coupler and the liquid crystal as the active layer. Such device provides the features of small size, wide tuning range, narrow channel bandwidth, low electric power, high tuning speed, and simple control mechanisms. The transmission bandwidth is about 32.5GHz and the tunable range is about 250GHz.

Pions of a dark sector gauge group can be strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) matter, produced by the freeze-out $3 \to 2$ interactions, with naturally large self-interactions. We study if adding photon to set-up do it all: i) maintain thermalization visible sector, ii) resonantly enhance $3\to2$ thus allowing for perturbative pion description, and iii) provide velocity dependent self-...

In todays IP networks most of the network control and management tasks are performed at the end points. As a result, many important network functions cannot be optimized due to lack of sufficient support from the network. The growing need for quality guaranteed services brought on suggestions to add more computational power to the network

The way that refinement of individual “local” components of a specification relates to development of a “global” system from a specification of requirements is explored. Observational interpretation of specifications and refinements add expressive power and flexibility while bringing in some subtle problems. The results are instantiated in the context of Casl architectural specifications.

Recent scientific analysis has revealed the presence in AFA of the amino acid phenyl ethylamine (PEA) in significant concentration. PEA is well known to alleviate depression, to elevate mood and to play an important role in the pathogenesis of learning disability and attention deficit disorder. Aphanin" is a standardized cold-processed extract of AFA that contains high concentrations of PEA, an...