Background: Flubendiamide, comparatively a new pesticide designed to eradicate lepidopteran insect pests is known to have low risk to birds, mammals, fish, algae, honey bees, non-target arthropods, earthworms, soil macro- and micro-organisms, non-target plants as well as sewage treatment organisms; however, the risk assessment for aquatic invertebrates from metabolite could not be finalized wit...

Traditionally, water quality guidelines/criteria are based on lethality tests where results are expressed as a function of waterborne concentrations (e.g. LC50). However, there is growing interest in the use of uptake and binding relationships, such as biotic ligand models (BLM), and in bioaccumulation parameters, such as critical body residue values (e.g. CBR50), to predict metal toxicity in a...

Nearly all of India's regions' water sources endure an intolerable burden harmful pollution. Aquatic contamination is a result waste product discharge and anthropogenic runoff. The environment has turned into repository for chemical contaminants that seep estuaries other aquatic environments, immobilising the biota, including heavy metals. Heavy metals like chromium can be both helpful destruct...

The purpose of this study was to measure the toxicity of malathion and glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup®, to San Diego fairy shrimp (Branchinecta sandiegonensis). The endemic San Diego fairy shrimp has been listed as endangered due to habitat loss and degradation of southern California vernal pools. The risk to fairy shrimp from the potential impact of herbicides and insecticides sp...

background: the present study was undertaken to study the larvicidal activity of different extracts of nerium ole- ander leaves, and post-treatment temperature- toxicity relationship of these extracts against culex pipiens. further, the most potent extract was used to evaluate its biological and genotoxic activities. methods: crude extracts of n. oleander leaves were prepared using water, chlor...

Ethanol extracts of 20 plant species (Euphorbiaceae) were assessed for nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood. Out of these, four extracts: Croton tiglium, Euphorbia fischeriana, Leptopus chinensis and Ricinus communis caused 100% mortalities of the root-knot nematode at 1000 μg/ml for 72 h. The ethanol extract of E. fischeriana ex...

the acute and sub-acute toxicity of safranal were studied in rat and mice within 2 and 21 days after exposure, respectively. for subacute toxicity, changes in weight as well as biochemical, hematological and pathological parameters were studied. the intraperitoneal ld50 values of safranal were 1.48 ml/kg in male mice, 1.88 ml/kg in female mice and 1.50 ml/kg in male rats. oral ld50 values were ...

formalin is a common disinfectant and therapeutic agent in fisheries-related activities. considering large variation in susceptibility of different species to formalin toxicity, it is necessary to determine its toxicity and safety margins in different species, separately. therefore, to investigate formalin acute toxicity and safety margins on caspian roach, an experiment was conducted in 1g cas...

Due to the unique antibacterial activities, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively used in commercial products. Anthropogenic activities have released considerable AgNPs as well as highly toxic silver ion (Ag(+)) into the aquatic environment. Our recent study revealed that ubiquitous natural organic matter (NOM) could reduce Ag(+) to AgNP under natural sunlight. However, the toxic e...

In this work, biological effects of the water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds (WEMOS) were assessed on eggs and 3rd instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and on its toxicity upon laboratory animals (Daphnia magna, mice and rats). Crude WEMOS showed a LC50 value of 1260microg/mL, causing 99.2 +/- 2.9% larvae mortality within 24 h at 5200microg/mL, though this larvicidal activity has been lost complet...