To even the most casual observer, the elderly are a very heterogeneous population. Some individuals remain fit and active into their ninth or tenth decades, whilst others show evidence of infirmity during their early sixties in the absence of an acute physical illness. This dissociation of biological and chronological age represents a continuum bounded by, in the parlance of contemporary geront...

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of bulbectomy and acute administration of anxiolytic drugs (diazepam, 10 mg/kg; chlordiazepoxide, 10 mg/kg) on the behavior of both sham-operated and olfactory bulbectomized rats in two tests predictive of anxiolytic activity: plus-maze test and Vogel's conflict test. We investigated also the effect of flumazenil (10 mg/kg), a benzodiazepin...

Recent studies of stress mechanisms in hypertension have focussed on the cardiovascular and neuroendocrine reactions to challenging or threatening psychosocial stimuli. Fixed hypertension may develop in some animal models following chronic exposure to psychosocial conflict. Acute experiments in humans show that marked sympathetically-mediated cardiovascular reactions accompany the performance o...

Cognitive control supports goal-directed behavior by resolving conflict among opposing action tendencies. Emotion can trigger cognitive control processes, thus speeding up conflict processing when the target dimension of stimuli is emotional. However, it is unclear what role emotionality of the target dimension plays in the processing of emotional conflict (e.g. in irony). In two EEG experiment...

Managing conflict in organizations has long been a topic of interest to researchers because of its impact on performance. In particular, one of the goals of conflict research is to clarify how task and relationship conflict affect performance, but the exact nature of that role remains unclear. This conceptual work attempts to highlight the importance of more closely examining manifest conflict ...

Acute malnutrition, or wasting, represents a significant public health concern across lowand middle-income countries, affecting millions of children and significantly increasing their risk of death. Over a tenth of all under-five deaths can be attributed to acute malnutrition. There are a range of strategies that can prevent the development of wasting by modifying one or more of the risk factor...

Advances in medicine are closely linked to clinical research, but certain study procedures may be in conflict with the fundamental principles of ethics and codes of conduct in medicine. Following an analysis of two studies involving treatments for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the admissibility of continuing a study was questioned after the initial results for two types of treatment showed...

OBJECTIVE To examine the psychosocial effects on health care workers of being quarantined because of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). METHOD We used semistructured qualitative interviews. RESULTS We identified 3 major themes concerning psychosocial effects: loss, duty, and conflict. CONCLUSIONS Quarantined workers experienced stigma, fear, and frustration. We highligh...

Theory, experiment, and common sense all suggest that the earlier thrombolysis is given for acute myocardial infarction, the greater should be the benefit. We would expect the time-effect, i.e. the increased efficacy of thrombolytic therapy with earlier administration, to be very powerful, and of immense clinical importance. However, from randomized clinical trials it appears that the benefit o...