Clostridium difficile, the most commonly recognized diarrheagenic pathogen among hospitalized persons, can cause outpatient diarrhea. Of 1,091 outpatients with diarrhea, we found 43 (3.9%) who were positive for C. difficile toxin. Only 7 had no recognized risk factors, and 3 had neither risk factors nor co-infection with another enteric pathogen.

Giardia Giardia is a flagellate protozoan parasite commonly encountered in small animal veterinary practice. The most common clinical syndrome associated with Giardia is acute small bowel diarrhea, but in some cases acute large bowel diarrhea, chronic small or large bowel diarrhea, or rarely acute or chronic vomiting may occur. Studies throughout the world have found infection rates ranging fro...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of diarrhea in patients receiving enteral feeding includes colonic water secretion, antibiotic prescription, and enteropathogenic colonization, each of which involves an interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate temporal changes in the concentrations of fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patien...

The objective of this study was to evaluate an algorithm for the management of children with persistent/chronic diarrhea at a community level hospital. The study was carried out in the pediatric OPD of a 150 bed trust hospital catering to children from poor, rural and urban slums. Fifty clinically stable children (6 months-5 years old, mean = 19.7 months) with persistent or chronic diarrhea ref...

The correlation between maternal serum antibodies in beef calves at 2 days old and protection against diarrhea induced by natural bovine rotavirus (BRV) infection was examined. Virus neutralizing (VN) antibody titers against BRV in sera from calves that developed diarrhea by BRV infection within 14 days of age (BRV-diarrheal calves) were significantly lower than those from calves that had no di...

A study to determine the association between the use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) by mothers who had children under five years old with diarrhea and their knowledge of diarrhea was conducted in 19 health centers and a hospital at Muang District, Samut Songkhram Province. It was found that in general there was significant association between the use of ORT and mother's knowledge of diarrhea...

This investigation describes the molecular characterization of P[6]G2 rotavirus strains from hospitalized neonates with community-acquired diarrhea (CAD), nosocomial diarrhea (ND), and asymptomatic nosocomial infection (ANI) in Belém, Brazil. Twenty-six rotavirus strains with P[6]G2 genotype were sequenced to genes coding for VP4, VP7, and NSP4 proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4 gene, i...

Although Klebsiella bacteremia in children is perceived to be associated with fatal consequences, data are scarce on those children presenting with diarrhea. We evaluated the factors associated with Klebsiella bacteremia in such children. In this retrospective chart analysis, data of all diarrheal children was retrieved from electronic medical record system (named as SHEBA) of Dhaka Hospital of...

BACKGROUND Despite the growing incidence of Clostridium difficile diarrhea (CCD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about the associated risk factors. METHOD A retrospective study comparing cases of CCD in patients with IBD to IBD carriers who did not develop CCD. A comparison was also made with patients who developed CCD but did not suffer IBD. RESULTS Three...

purpose: to describe the etiology, outcomes and complications of levator resection procedure for correction of congenital and acquired blepharoptosis. methods: in a retrospective nonrandomized study, medical records of 136 patients with blepharoptosis who underwent levator resection at labbafinejad medical center from 1995 to 2005 were evaluated. results: of 136 patients undergoing levator rese...