PURPOSE Recent findings of increased cathelicidin protein and its proteolytic fragments in rosacea suggest a pathogenic role for cathelicidin in this disease. The relationship between cathelicidin and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is therefore of interest, as PAR-2, expressed principally in keratinocytes, regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the skin. The purpose of this st...

Rosacea is a common, chronic, skin condition characterized by recurrent episodes of facial flushing, transient or persistent erythema, papules, pustules, and telangiectasias, in a symmetrical facial distribution. The etiology of rosacea remains unknown and this condition represents a therapeutic challenge because of its chronic nature, progression, potential for disfigurement and psychological ...

Leonard B. Weinstock, MD Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO; Specialists in Gastroenterology, LLC, St Louis, MO Rosacea is a skin disease that manifests as flushing, persistent skin redness (ie, erythematous form), small rounded bumps on the skin (ie, papulopustular form), or dilated superficial blood vessels (ie, telangiectasia). The pathophysiology of rosacea is unknown, b...

Background: Rosacea is associated with Crohn’s disease, liver disease, chronic pancreatitis, achlorhydria, Helicobacter pylori and recently with idiopathic small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Two publications demonstrated that rifaximin, a non-absorbed, gut-directed antibiotic for SIBO led to improvement in facial rosacea. Ocular manifestations occur in up to 58% of rosacea patients a...

Because rosacea is uncommon in the pediatric population, care must be taken to exclude other papulopustular disorders. Children can present with vascular, papulopustular, and/or ocular findings. Importantly, ocular symptoms can appear before the cutaneous symptoms of rosacea, leading to misdiagnosis. Rosacea is a clinical diagnosis, but histopathologic examination typically reveals dilated vess...

BACKGROUND The recurrence rate of rosacea was not known very well, but has been reported as 60% in 6 months after withdrawal of the drug. It is not known which treatment can reduce relapses of rosacea effectively. OBJECTIVE The objective was to identify whether 595 nm-pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment reduced recurrence rate among rosacea patients who were treated with oral minocycline. METH...

Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in patients with rosacea is reported from 50 to 90 percent, which suggests the possibility of the role of this organism in pathogenesis of rosacea. Objectives: Evaluation of relationship between H. pylori infection and rosacea. Patients and Methods: In this case-control study, 30 patients referred to skin clinics of B...

Rosacea is a common, chronic cutaneous condition that affects the face. Two topicals and one oral medication are currently approved for the treatment of rosacea, including azelaic acid, metronidazole, and sub-antimicrobial dose of doxycycline. Identification of subtypes can help guide treatment strategies. It is essential for psychosocial implications of rosacea to be considered and conservativ...