To understand more fully the role of the in vivo turtle shell in buffering lactic acid produced during prolonged anoxia, powdered turtle shell was incubated in vitro at constant pH (6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7. 5 or 8.0) in electrolyte solutions simulating extracellular fluid. Exchanges of ions and CO2 between the shell and solution were evaluated by measuring pre- and post-incubation solution concentrati...

The aim of this study was to identify various bacteria isolated from grapes and their wines. Additionally we investigated the capacity of lactic acid bacteria for microbiological deacidification of wines produced in Poland. We have identified Oenococcus oeni, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii. During the microbial deacidification process, we observed decreases of total aci...

In 2002, the maturity of grapevine was researched on the basis of sugar content, total titratable acidity and pH at seven locations with an undulating topography in four varieties 'Chardonnay', 'Riesling', 'Welschriesling' and 'Sauvignon'. All sampling points were geo-referenced simultaneously with DGPS for creating sugar maps. The significant relationship between the varying altitude above sea...

Esophageal epithelial cells contain an apical cation channel that actively absorbs sodium ions (Na(+)). Since these channels are exposed in vivo to acid reflux, we sought the impact of high acidity on Na(+) channel function in Ussing-chambered rabbit epithelium. Serosal nystatin abolished short-circuit current (I(sc)) and luminal pH titrated from pH 7.0 to pH > or = 2.0 had no effect on I(sc). ...

This study evaluates the influence of Lachancea thermotolerans on low-acidity Airén grape must from the south of Spain. For this purpose, combined fermentations with Lachancea thermotolerans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared to a single fermentation by S. cerevisiae. Results of all developed analyses showed significant differences in several parameters including acidity, population gro...

Prevention and mitigation of acid rock drainage from mining are decisive for limiting environmental impact. Five by-products and industrial remnants (lime kiln dust, blast furnace slag, granulated blast furnace slag, cement kiln dust and fly ash) were investigated for their suitability to prevent acidity and metal(loid)s during leaching from highly sulfidic (50wt%, sulfide) waste rock in small ...

been found (9) although large doses have recently produced suggestive results (14). No effect of glucose on the inhibition of tumor growth in mice by a diazoamino compound was observed (26). It was later found that acidity failed to alter the inhibition of cell division by this compound (27, 28), which may help to explain the observed ineffectiveness of glucose. Acidity in the fluid surrounding...

Clostridium botulinum type A spores were inoculated at a level of 10(7) spores per ml into sterile beef media with protein concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6% and acidified to pH values of 2.01 to 4.75 with hydrochloric acid or 4.19 to 4.60 with citric acid. All experimental manipulations, including blending, acidification, inoculation, incubation (30 degrees C), and analyses, were conducted in...

In 20 patients studied under general anaesthesia, we found good agreement between gastric fluid volumes aspirated blindly and total volumes determined by fibreoptic gastroscopy (mean under-estimation 6 ml (22%); range 0-50 ml). Gastric fluid acidity measurements using an electronic pH meter and pH indicator paper also provided results with good agreement (mean difference in pH 0.1; range -0.3 t...

During composting of household waste, the acidity of the material affects the process during the initial phase of rising temperature. In this study, the effects of temperature (36-46 degrees C) and pH (4.6-9.2) on the respiration rate during the early phase of composting were investigated in two different composts. A respiration method where small compost samples were incubated at constant temp...